A Mans Struggle to Heal Himself in Big Two-Hearted River Essays

A Mans Struggle to Heal Himself in tough Two-Hearted RiverErnest Hemingways Big Two-Hearted River* is such a rich text that it has probably reliable more literary critical attention than many novels of several time its length. Hemingways ardent use of multiform detail and his intentional, calculated use of short, candid sentences help to make River a treasure chest of critical ideas and manageable interpretations. Historically, much of the criticism of River has examined the colorful underlying themes of the story, such as the maintain omission of some preceding, devastating event and Nicks wounded spiritual and psychogenic state. These sentences, such as There was no town, nothing but the kvetch and the burned-over country, are representative of the abundance of similar language throughout the story and make it easy to understand why many critics focus on dark themes, devastation and mental instability. Without denying or dispelling any of the valid dark critiques, I inte nd to show that River may also be well understood in a more positive light as an account of one mans struggle to heal himself by returning to what he knows and loves.The intense detail that abounds within the story makes an easy job for the deconstructionist. The intricate descriptions of Nicks actions are susceptible to deconstructive criticism, as may be seen in pack Twitchells The Swamp in Hemingways Big Two-Hearted River. Twitchell focuses on the physical improbability of the swamp active adjacent to the river as it is described in the story. A swamp is an field of operation where the water moves very slowly, if at all however, Nick describes the river as being lined with boulders, having a pebbly bottom, and fast moving water (209). Twitchell po... ...Green, mob L. Symbolic Sentences in Big Two-Hearted River. Modern fictionalization Studies 14 (1968) 307-312.Kyle, Frank B. duplicate and Complementary Themes in Hemingways Big Two-Hearted River Stories and The Battler. S tudies in Short Fiction 16 (1979) 295-300.Smith, B.J. Big Two-Hearted River The Artist and the Art. Studies in Short Fiction 20 (1983) 129-32.Stewart, prank F. Christian Allusions in Big Two-Hearted River. Studies in Short Fiction 18 (1978) 194-96.Svoboda, Frederic J. Landscapes actually and Imagined Big Two-Hearted River. Hemingway Review 16 (1996) 33-42.Twitchell, James. The Swamp in Hemingways Big Two-Hearted River. Studies in Short Fiction 9 (1972) 275-76.Weeks, Lewis E. Jr. Two Types of Tension Art Vs Campcraft in Hemingways Big Two-Hearted River. Studies in Short Fiction 11 (1974) 433-34.

Size Exclusion Chromatography

Size Exclusion Chromatography Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) is the time interval technique based on the molecular coat of the components. Size extrusion chromatography is a kind of method to separate different size of molecules that ordain in solution. It was starting line discovered by two scientists who named Grant henry Lathe and Colin R Ruthven. Both of them received the John Scott Award for this fabulous invention. at that place be various applications for Size projection chromatography such as biochemical aspect and polymer synthesis.For application in biochemical aspect, this technique toilet occur out the quaternary coordinate of purified proteins which possess slow exchange times, since it house be carried out under native solution conditions and preserve macromolecular actions. The reason why we use this technique for purification is Size exclusion chromatography is a low blockage chromatography method as it does non report similar species very wel l. It foundation also test the tertiary structure of protein as it measures the hydrodynamic mess, allowing folded and unfolded versions of the same protein to be distinguished.Besides using in biochemical research, it is able to have the distribution of the sizes of polymer molecules like if a solvent is chose and run, we can create a calibration curve to determine the sizes of polymer molecules in it. It is ruin to introduce the mobile physical body and unmoving bod first. Stationary phase is the solid absorbent or the contract(SEC) with solid support that allow type across through it piece of music the mobile phase is the ensample penetrate through or along to the stationary phase.In SEC, time interval is achieved by the derivative instrument exclusion from the pores of the packing material, of the sample molecules(mobile phase) as they pass through a bed of porous actuateicles(stationary phase). For the principle of the SEC, molecules of different sizes can be se t-apart by this technique because of differential time spent inner a solid phase particle which excludes entrance of relatively thumping molecules, allows near entrance of medium- coat molecules, and allows free accessibility of the mildest molecules.The particles contain pores with tunnels(stationary phase) in which the size can be controlled depending on the size of molecules(mobile phase) to be separated. littler molecules experience a more complex pathway to exit the particle than do doubler molecules. Because molecules that have a large size compared to the pore size of the stationary phase have very little entrance into the pores, these larger sized molecules elute first from the tugboat. Medium sized molecules are relatively large compared to the pore size of the solid phase and in that respectfore may find some pores in which they enter and spend some time.Smaller-sized molecules have more pores that are accessible to them and therefore spend more time inside the po res relative to larger-sized molecules. Therefore, smaller molecules elute last and larger molecules elute first in SEC. Elute is mean that the carrier of the mobile phase or the mobile phase from chromatographic bed emerge. For the pore size, which is the important part of stationary phase in SEC, solid phase materials employ in SEC are usually classified based on their qualification to separate different sizes of proteins.Since size is a difficult item to accurately measure for a large molecule, the solid phase materials are set with a molecular weight range instead and the weight is equated with size. every(prenominal) compounds with a molecular weight less(prenominal) than or have-to doe with to the reduce number in the range will see the entire cozy volume of the beads resulting in no selection and therefore no separation. All compounds with a molecular weight greater than or equal to the higher number in the range are completely excluded from the inside of a bead and th erefore no separation is achieved.Molecules with weights or sizes amid these two extremes of the range can be separated. This is the numerical pore size range reported for each solid phase material used in SEC. The pore size used for a separation is open on the size range of the particular set of molecules to be separated. Smaller pore sizes are used for rapid desalting of proteins or for protein purification. Intermediate pore sizes are used to separate relatively small proteins. Very large pore sizes are used for purification of biological complexes.For the factor that go the SEC, first, the particles in solution do not have a bushel size, resulting in the probability that a particle that would otherwise be hampered by a pore passing right by it. Second, the stationary-phase particles are not ideally defined, both particles and pores may vary in size. . The stationary phase may also interact in undesirable ways with a particle and influence retention times, though great care i s interpreted by column manufacturers to use stationary phases that are inert and sully this issue.Third, increasing the column length will enhance the resolution, and increasing the column diameter increases the capacity of the column. Proper column packing is important to maximise resolution An over-packed column can collapse the pores in the beads, resulting in a loss of resolution. An under-packed column can reduce the relative surface sphere of the stationary phase accessible to smaller species, resulting in those species spending less time trapped in pores.Unlike affinity chromatography techniques, a solvent gallery at the top of the column can drastically diminish resolution as the sample diffuses prior to loading, broadening the downstream elution. The advantages of this method implicate in effect(p) separation of large molecules from the small molecules with a minimal volume of eluate, and that various solutions can be applied without interfering with the filtration p rocess, all while preserving the biological activity of the particles to be separated.Second, the technique is generally combined with others that promote separate molecules by other characteristics, such as acidity, basicity, charge, and affinity for veritable compounds. Third, with size exclusion chromatography, there are short and well-defined separation times and narrow bands, which have to good sensitivity. The SEC is separated rapidly. Then, there is also no sample loss because solutes do not interact with the stationary phase. The stationary phase doesnt have any absorbent that nteract with the sample and carry out the reaction with the sample. For the disadvantage of the this method , first is the molecular mass that we need to know. The SEC separation is base on the molecular size/ weight, like the gel electrophoresis. It is required to know that there are the range for different of the molecular size. If the difference of the molecular size in the mobile phase, it is n ot recommended to use this separation. So, before using the SEC, the molecular size of each sample in mobile phase are required to identify.In addition, the accommodated of SEC is limited. The mobile phase can not be as well as big. The time scale of the chromatogram is short, and, in general, there has to be a 10% difference in molecular mass to have a good resolution Also, the pore size need to be determined, too small size or too big size will lead to the failure of the separation SEC. In the world, the chromatography is the separation of the sample base on the polar, size, acidity, basicity, charge, and affinity for certain compoundsSize Exclusion Chromatography is the one of the chromatography that base on the size of the sample, which is similar to the principle of gel electrophoresis. One different denominate is the stationary phase, which is the column with the pores of the particles. Reference (http//www. separations. us. tosohbioscience. com/ServiceSupport/TechSupport/Re sourceCenter/PrinciplesofChromatography/SizeExclusion/) (http//www. asdlib. org/separations_pdfs/Size_Exclusion_Chromatography_Separations_Module-finalversion. pdf) (http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Size-exclusion_chromatography),goldbook

BIMS Case Study

The Ballard Integrated Managed Services, Inc. (BIMS) employs a total of 452, of which 409 employees are deployed on a contract-based engagement for providing nutrient and hospitality services to Douglas medical exam Center (DMC). The performance of BIMS field personnel has eventually deteriorated and attributed to the sudden sum up of operating cost at a rate of 74 percent, different to the usual 50-60 percent turnover in the previous months. The disturbing post has called the attention of BIMS General private instructor Barbara Tucker and tasked Human Resource Manager Debra Horner to conduct an sign finding.In this paper, the case study of BIMS will be discussed to ensure the overall speckle of the workplace, such(prenominal) as the existing caper, underlying causes and development, resolving and procedure, interested parties and challenges to the management. Situational background and description Based on the case review, correlating the promontory why does the proble m exist could be attributed by the low-competencies from managerial to rank-and-file positions.The managers and supervisors of food catering, housekeeping and maintenance divisions are unaware or misinformed of the prevailing moorage on the increase of operating cost at 74 percent from the standard industry cost between 50 to 60 percent. As found, the problem developed upon irregular performance of personnel, such as the higher(prenominal) occurrences of sick leave and dawdling at work that brought about complaints of DMC on sloppiness of BIMS personnel services.Accordingly, an employee survey has been conducted by BIMS HR Manager to evaluate the underlying causes and development of problems, purposely to suffice the problem prior to initial inclination of replacing the personnel. About 78 respondents have participated on the initially conducted survey, representing 17. 3 percent of the overall targeted personnel. Illustrated downstairs was the survey tool ascendent School of A dvanced Studies, Pearson Custom Publishing (2004)The challenge to finding the causes of problems and its proclamation has been devised by the HRM through the above illustrated survey tool, primarily reconsidering the employees to convey their views, such as cited on (1) work condition, (2) shift scheduling, (3) skills training, (4) compensation, (5) communication and information, and (7) job shelter (School of Advanced Studies in Pearson Publishing, 2004). Evidently, the management itself is the majority stakeholder to meeting the challenging situation of change in the performance of the workforce in order to resolve the issues.Thus, the result of the survey is significant to meeting the challenges. Problem Statement It is cognise that there are major gaps affecting the work performance of BIMS personnel. The problem is primarily attributed by the issue of unfair compensation and secondarily attributed by weak communication between the employees and the management. This problem s tatement can be well presented based on the result of survey as illustrated beneath Source Authors own (2009)As indicated in the illustration above, doubtfulness 6 obtained 19 respondents with negative responses and 0 respondents have ever verificatory(p)ly responded, similar to Question 9 that obtained 17 negative responses and retained 0 overbearing results. Therefore, the problem statement relating the inferior performance of the employees must be significantly addressed by the management with reference to the result of elementary and secondary issues affecting the problem. Further findings have found the head for the hills of points from positive to negative responses of respondents.It shows that the internal or organizational problem is well uttered on the point-to-point responses from 1 to 5 gain. On the other hand, the tally between 2, 3 and 4 also indicates the relevance of negative responses outside from being positive, manifesting that the problems are causal to t he dispensation of management, in which is exhibited by the illustration below Source Authors own (2009) The point-to-point scoring from 1 to 5 exhibits the range of responses between 95 (negative) and 163 (positive).It is noticeable that the scoring between positive and negative has a very significant gap or far-flung difference. As indicated by the Median Points between 2, 3 and 4, the range of points can be noticed to be far different to obtaining positive responses, wherein illustration above has indicated the gaps of scoring at 232, 148 and 113. In sum, the positive responses representing a total of 95 are far distant even from the scoring at median points, of which capsulate the finding of significant problem.

Perfection: already in humans?

Dear Br otherwise whollyen,Hope this letter finds you in just stead and full of happiness. Here Im also feeling happy, as nowa years I have the scope to write to you. Everything is going fine hither at our Institute, which is in f identification number going from strength to strength with the squiffy enrolment of new volunteers.News apart, Im feeling excited to sh are certain reflections of my exhibit day thought which you wanted to know. Presently Im preparing a discourse aimed to fill out the spirit of the modern youth and I would like to share close to excerpts from it.The recent train of thought in me has provided a new perch on the topic of perfection. It has been for quite some time, I was receiving various hints from the temperament and the living beings about the genesis of perfection. Later, one day when I was act to join those loose threads of thought, I suddenly stumbled upon a apocalypse which, in fact has brought in a new bend in my vision No, it hasnt brough t me on any crossroad on the contrary, it has elevated me to a plane, from where Im seeing more things with more clarity.The mentation, of which Im excited about, can be verbalized in a single phrase and Im doing that for you now Education is the demonstration of perfection, which is already in humansThis is the goldmine of vagarys that Ive struck just a few days back. It perfectly conforms with the school of thought of Vedanta even more, it consolidates the very institution of it that is, Monism.Let me try to explain in detail. You must be knowing that Vedanta philosophy is essenti onlyy based on the idea that it is one unique that has been workings all around.. This premise brings down this fact that the Almighty is not something or someone existing in somewhere, but it is He who is in us, exists every bit everywhere. All around us and beyond is attuned with His existence. Now when I was contemplating with the idea of perfection, it suddenly came to my mind that if He is in us, and if He is the epitome of perfection, thus perfection is supposed to be inherent in us as well This idea made me so excited and I took to the define road down through our garden and settled myself beneath our cosmic banyan tree to meditate in the joy of revelation.Brother James, the halo of this idea is still exerting its influence in me as now I am gradually coming to the terms of its fuller possibilities which, in essence is a limitless magic of the Divine Almighty.Imagine what would happen, if each individual perceives this truth that they are already endowed with the power to be perfect in their acts and deeds, and all they have to do is to tap that infinite reservoir of power thusly this would bring in a collective spiritual revolution crossways the globe where all men and women would be busy in discovering the intimate power of their own and all will be on the tinge plane with a soothing sense of equality Being convinced of equality, all would only be eager t o extend their helping detainment to others.This act of recognizing the inner reservoir of perfection has to have innumerable other implications as well, let alone the possibility of a collective and unionized journey towards salvation. It would shorten the cycle of rebirth if there is any because it would bear on to the soul, the spirit, or the atman in Vedic parlance which would in itself be an act of rising over the body and mindThe application of this new prepare philosophy, as Im feeling from within, would actually set everyone in motion much like the gases in the stars which emit the light till it attains the nirvana or moksha or salvation, you name it This would only spell a relentless breeding but without any competition it would be a confident treat where everyone will arise, awake and will stop not till the intent is reached.I can feel the excitement in me already, which speaks of the power of this idea. It was only days back I wrote in the pages of my intended disc ourse for the youth of the orbit What I want is the muscles of iron and nerves of steel, of which the thunderbolt is made.. and now I have to add lines to it, mentioning clearly that you have it all in you, the iron, the steel, the thunderbolt. All you need is to believe in this fact and act on this. The abide will take care of it.Brother Allen, I sincerely entreat that this idea evokes a new spirit in you too, that you become awake of your potential and utilize it to the fullest and bask in the glory of salvation after(prenominal) blooming like a star or a tiptop in this universe.Best Wishes,Swami Vivekananda,Ramkrishna Mission,Kolkata, India.01/01/1889Works ConsultedSayings of Swami Vivekananda. 3 Nov. 2007http//mysticsaint.blogspot.com/2005/06/sayings-of-swami-vivekananda.htmlQuotes of Swami Vivekananda. 3 Nov. 2007. http//thinkexist.com/quotes/swami_vivekananda/Biography of Swami Vivekananda. 3 Nov. 2007. http//www.writespirit.net/authors/swami_vivekananda/biography-swam i- vivekananda/Swami Vivekananda. http//www.sriramakrishna.org/vvksay.htm

Automatic Speech Recognition Systems

In addition, the occasion will evaluate his level of allege in speaking the contents of term idea as opposed to typing one. And lastly, the level of organization required to use legal transfer learning as opposed to typing. The first automated speech recognition trunk the author will analyze is produced by a fraternity called industriousness Technology, or Pupate. Pupate is located in McLean, Virginia, and has been in the Human terminology Technology field for over 20 years. Appetites CARS product is called Plainspoken, and is used for speech dictation, broadcast and telephony.This program can do anything from a simple drawstring of numbers to vocabularies of up to 100,000 words. Plainspoken recognizes continuous speech, offers gender-independent speech recognition, as swell up as speaker dependent and speaker Independent modes. Opalescence likewise offers a scalable vocabulary as well as a scalable number of recognized languages. At this time however, the author of thi s paper was unable to locate a price for this product on the manufacturers also known as Dragon Naturally Speaking.Nuance offers several(prenominal) different versions from the basal to a more advanced version for legal professionals. Nuance offers several different accent features from Spanish to Southern as well as several vocabulary options. Nuance allows for custom creation of text-to-graphics commands. This package whole kit with PCs as well as multiple types of mobile devices, and is compatible with a multitude of applications. The price range of this product varies from $99 to $1199. (nuance. Com, 2009) The final company and product the author will review is Namespace.Namespace was established in 1996, when Andrew Taylor agnize that the Macintosh platform was losing ground in the speech recognition software arena. Like the product from Nuance, Namespace offers several different versions. Their versions vary from a measuring rod dictation version up to a legal reflections version. What is unique rough Namespace is that it offers an International version, which supports English, French, German and Italian. The price range is from $195 to $595 for the Namespace program.The drawback here is that this program is to begin with written for the Mac computer. (namespace. Com, 2009) Unfortunately, the author was unable to find as such(prenominal) information as he would have liked about the companies and products. If the author had to use this type of product to produce a term paper, I would feel very uncomfortable. I feel I would have unconnected some aspect of control if I were to use an CARS to produce a term paper. In addition, it would be difficult to Judge the effectiveness and true statement of an CARS.

Accounting Management Technique for Google Essay

Google, Inc. has been one of the fastest maturement and profitable companies in the world. Since its inception in 1998, it has revolutionized the way the world uses the Internet. though Google has its hands in many different projects, the classification of industry low which Google falls is simply the Internet hunt club process. Initially, Google strived to be the perfect search engine (About google, n.d.). Today, they have evolved to become that and more, with application developments that are user-friendly, their form of electronic mail, and their streamlined and sleek method of helping other businesses reach their keister markets with simple advertisements. Google is renowned for their exemplary customer service and providing one of the peak-sought-after workplaces in the world (Smith, 2011).With simple guidelines for their practices, Google is the industry leader in user-friendly net applications. Their ten keystones for their business are all customer-focused and are aimed at cosmos the beat and fastest. The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) would be the best precaution proficiency for Google to implement. Though Google is in business to make money, there are a lot of soft features associated with Google that go unaccounted for in every other management proficiency. Since Google is so benignant-dependent from the creator of the application to the end-user, it follows naturally that a management technique like the BSC would be most effective.See more Foot back In China essayThe financial performance should be considered, merely the non-financial information like customer satisfaction, efficiency and effectiveness of the internal processes and the erudition and growth portions of the BSC are most applicable to the operations at Google. Googles fate and financial success rest heavily on their human resources. The employees they choose to hire have to be top-notch to keep Google at the top of their game. Google depends on their employees to provide superio r customer service, to work in shipway that are most efficient, and to keep on the edge of the needs of the community so that they can develop new ways to serve them. cosmos able to manage these non-financial factors effectively determines the fate of Google.ReferencesAbout google. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.google.com/about/ Blocher, E., Stout, D., & axerophthol Cokins, G. (2010). Cost management a strategic emphasis. New York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Smith, J. (2011, December 15). The best companies to work for. Retrieved from http//www.forbes.com/sites/jacquelynsmith/2011/12/15/the-best- companies-to-work-for/

Business Enviroment Assignment Essay

Pl- Describe the type of business. M. Whitfield Pharmacists LTD M. Whitfield pharmacists be a astronomic company round the north east of England. They are situated at seven contrasting branches, Gilesgate, Thornley, Coxhoe, Blackhall, Wheatley Hill, Horden and Victoria Rd. The pharmacists and there staff are members of your local anesthetic healthcare team. They take aim to provide you with the highest quality of healthcare. To do this they need to keep records or so you, your health and the care we stick provided or plan to provide to you.We know that you survey your privacy and he security of personal information held close you. You stern download our information leaflet here which explains how we safeguard information ab by you. M. Whitfield LTD offer a wide range of drugs that sens be offered any over the return or prescribed by a advisor at your local checkup surgery or hospital, this is depending on the carriage and reason of the drug. Also inside the chemist i t has advertisements for mobility scooters and other helpful things that can aid elderly or sick sight around the local area.Inside all of the branches there is a consultant oom where one of the full qualified Pharmacists ordain have a one to one about what drug is best for you. The usage of this company is that it delivers high quality medical drugs and health care which is proscribed by a doctor or a medical consultant. Medical care is given either paying(a) or free depending on financial status or education. M. Whitfield is a sole trader this means that the company is not very large however it has a large amount of branches around the northeast of England.To coif this company bigger the owner will need to bring in some investors which could expand the company and ove more than branches around the nation. The owner will have to work a lot of hours and he will father it hard to take holidays as he has a lot more responsibility then if he was in a partnership. P3 Describe h ow cardinal business are organised M. Whitfield LTD is organised as a teeny company, most of the branches are occupied with four to five assistance to gibe the branch whilst two to three pharmacists working on the behind the counter packing the drugs.All of the staff in the chemist will have different set shifts usually Monday to Friday. M. Whitfield is a private company not mellow out by the government and will not be on the stock pile. The owner will have to maintain regular check-ups to take in sure everything is running smoothly in all branches and the staff are doing their Job correctly. However the NHS is a much larger company and is run by the government. There is no actual owner of the NHS it is set out in departments which have directors in each department. Compared to M. Whitfields the NHS employs a lot more employees in for all citizens, based on need, not the ability to pay.The NHS is make up of a wide range of health professionals, support workers and organisations . The NHS is funded by the taxpayer and is therefore accountable to Parliament. It is managed by Department of Health which is directly trusty to the Secretary of State for Health. The Department sets overall health policy in England, is the headquarters for the NHS and is responsible for putting policy into practice. It also sets targets for the NHS and monitors performance finished its four directors of health and social care. Around one million people work for the NHS inEngland and it costs more than E50 billion a course of instruction to run. This will rise to E69 billion by 2005. Regional assemblies control health services in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The NHS aims to bring about the highest level of physiologic and mental health for all citizens, within the resources available, by promoting health and preventing ill-health study and treating injury and disease caring for those with a long-term illness and deterioration P4- explain how their different style of organisation helps them to fulfil there purpose The NHS is a fast paced

Pros and Cons of a Military School Essay

By Jenna Brooklyn There argon many dogmatic benefits for your teenager should they attend a soldiery school. scarcely, like most things in life, there can be a downside as well. Here is a report explaining whats good and bad ab discover study in a phalanx high school. To start with if your teen is in put appear with respectable health issues or a major attitude problem, they stall little or no chance of being accepted. Military schools right away set very high donnish standards. They are not therapy centers for kids with problems. twain of their major goals are to produce students able to enter prestigious colleges and/or join the military machine. If your child is a clever but lazy student, a military school has much to offer. There is a packed academic syllabus with compulsory and supervised homework and extra study sessions. But if your child is not strong academically they may struggle to meet the high expectations. Discipline is a major part of a military environmen t. If your teen is lazy and disrespectful they provide get a serious jolt in a military school.They will be out of bed at 0600 hours, they will make their bed and tidy their possessions, and they will be on the parade ground and exercising before breakfast. This typewrite of lifestyle could change your teens attitude to life. Of course a military school is a residential facility and while students are allowed to attend approved activities in the local town, things like taking a part-time job in the grocery store are impregnablely not an option. There is a full extra-curricula program at a military school with plenty of time for artistic pursuits and outdoor education.This inwardness your child is getting an all-round education and enjoying their schooling at the analogous time. Opportunities for leader enchant roles are many and varied in a military education. If your child requires a challenge and enjoys being a leader, they will stupefy their talents and be truly extended i n such a school. It is idealistic for developing the total person. If as a parent you are feeling to a military school to mollycoddle your child, you will be disappointed. Its much more a shape up or ship out approach from the school.If your child chooses to disobey and fails to complete tasks, the school will not spend a great deal of time and essay in whipping them into line. The student may be expelled. A military school wants excellent results from its students and those who wont or cant perform are likely to be shown the door. Those who do work hard are sure to be well rewarded and for life. College entrance is likely and if a career in the military is required, this type of secondary education is finished for such a move.A military school is a lodge where teamwork and bonding is part of every day life. If this suits your child, fine. If your child is a lone wolf and doesnt like a regimented and disciplined lifestyle, then a military school is not for them. If youre look ing to find more information about military school and its environment, do check out Military Schools for Boys. Or if you need expert advice on what is the best program for your teen fill out this online form.

Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue Characteristics of link tissues Extracellular soil substance separates cells Most widely variable of tissues Many varied functions Common (mesenchyme) note Degrees of vascularity Functions Binding Suport certificate Insulation Transport Structural Elements Fibers ?Collagen (white) fibres ?Elastin (yellow) fibers ?Reticular fibers territory substance ?Amorphous material fills space between cells and contains fibers ?Holds mobiles ?Acts as molecular(a) sieve ?Consists of interstitial changeful, cell adhesion proteins glue, proteoglycans Cells Each crystallize of link tissue has a fundamental cell type that exists in an immature and mature form ?Undifferentiated cell gets suffix puff i. e chronoblast, they are actively mitotic, secrete fibers and ground subtance ?Once the cells synthesize the matrix they assume their less active mature mode indicated by suffix cyte i. e. lymphocyte Summary Fibers Ground exchangestance Cells Collagen Interstitial fluid Imma ture form blast Elastin Cell adhesion proteins glue mount form cyte Reticular Proteoglycans Types of connective tissue All consist of cells surrounded by matrix Differences reflect cell type, finer type and the harmonize of matrix contributed by fivers These differences determine connective tissue classes and their subgroups ?General (fibrous) connective tissue proper ?Specialised Connective tissues (skeletal bone and cartilage, adipose, lymphoid, blood) Cells found in Prototype Connective Tissue FIbroblasts Adipocytes (fat cells) Cells which migrate from blood ?WBC ?Other cells refer with tissue response to injury Connective Tissue Proper two subgroups classification mainly rumpd on finer arrangement and meanness Loose CT Areolar ?Reticular unintelligible CT ?Dense regular ?Dense irregular Connective Tissue Proper Sub groups Characteristics/Structural elements Loose Areolar Semi fluid Gelatinous ground substance Collagen, elastin, cancellate loosely distributed Fibroblas ts and macrophages are abundant Occasional adipocytes (fat cells) widely distributed packing material of body Loose Reticular Matrix contains reticular fibers Reticular fibers form network of reticular cells (fibroblasts) Dense Regular virtually packed collagen fibers orientated in same direction Mainly fibroblasts seriously vascularised (no blood vessels)White, flexible tissue with great tensile strength in one direction Wavy fivers allow minimal give until fibbers are straightened conciliatory CT has high elastic content i. e. ligaments and tendons Dense Irregular fast packed collagen fibers orientated in same direction Mainly fibroblasts poorly vascularised (no blood vessels) Collagen bundles are orientated in MANY directions Forms sheets where tension is exerted in from many directions i. e. dermis of skin, fibrous joint capsules, fibrous capsules of many variety meat (kidneys, testis, bone, muscles) Blood Classified as a connective tissue Cells in matrix (plasma) Fibers are soluble proteins which only become visible during turn Functions ?Transport of nutrients (glucose, oxygen) ?Transport of wastes (CO2) ?Transport of gases (oxygen, CO2) ?Hormones Cartilage Somewhere between thudding CT and bone Tough but flexible Cartilage cells chondro affix Ground substance has firmly bound collagen fivers Contains lots of tissue fluid (80% water) No blood vessels or nerves (good for joints) Perichondrium (dense irreg. CT) surrounds most cartilage offshoot both interstitial and appositional Types ?Hyaline ?Elastic ?Fibrocartilage ram Bone can refer to Osseous tissue (type of CT) Organs of the body i. e. humerus (consisting of several(prenominal) tissue types) Bone as a tissue Bone is connective tissue (osseous tissue) Cells contained in a matrix Matrix is hardened by deposition of calcium salts and other minerals = calcification (mineralisation) Functions of bony skeleton Support Protection Rigid attachment Levers for muscles Blood formation Electrolyte b alance Acid base balance Detoxification General features of long bone Compact bone muddy bone Medullary cavity Diaphysis (shaft) Epiphysis Epiphysis ordered series/line Articular cartilage Periosteum and endosteum

Ethical dilemmas can international psychologists

The list downstairs though not exhaustive but have been potential quandarys that outside(a) psychologists ace during the execution Of their services in a cultur in ally assorted population Linguistic competencies- A case in point of such(prenominal) a situation is where immigrants travel in host community and urgency to use the health opportunities of that community. The medium of exchange for the host community is in the first place English and say the immigrant is from a Chinese background.The children of virtually immigrants tend to typeset quickly in terms of linguistic abilities and therefore are most often run a grouchyers for their parents. A parent of such cultural background want mental health services ill rely on the children to interpret for them. The dilemma here is the international psychologist is bound by law not to expose a patients sensitive document to a third company and also how can the international psychologist ascertained that the patient clearly stil l the informed consent interpreted by the child.The steps taken in such a scenario is the need for bilingual staff to facilitate the condole with of culturally several(a) patients (Congress, 2004). Practitioners legal duty versus workplace policies- Davidson, (201 0, up. 70) reported that workers at heart the social services will be unfrosted by the dilemma between acting in the ethical best interest of take up service recipients and acting according to the law.For instance, an international psychologist working with an organization in a culture where children or minors work to fend funding for their parents will be faced with a dilemma as to whether he is legally obligated to report this illegal activities of the organization or has an obligation to the organization to report. Using individual participants to represent the whole population- In his utterance thread, Dry. Larsen (2014) noted that most hypothesis used in testing cross cultural research uses individual participan ts as a unit of compendium to aggregate an overall score for each culture.We are cautioned by the mental picture on cross cultural competence that when working with culturally diverse population, we should delve into the demographics and composition of the group so that at the end all benefits and risk should be proportionately distributed. The ethical issue that arises when we stereotype or generalize the attribute of one culture to encompass the whole is that relationships among the metrical rabbles in one culture will not necessarily see to the same relationship in another culture.

All couples should have the right to a child Essay

With reference to other aspects of human experience, seek the view that all suspenders should work the right to a child. Justify your answer. 15many would agree with this statement, because p arnthood is a human right P arnts soak up the easy lay right to determine freely and responsibly the number and spacing of their children. globe turn out personal s overeignty, which is to be free of the control or obsession of others. Therefore they should be allowed to make their own decisions about their families.The issue be put ins more complicated when infertility is involved. This is especially so in cultures where a chars worth is based on her ability to produce children. If she does non receive reproductive applied science she could face isolation from her community. Looking at the UK, it could be postulated that the purpose of the NHS is to solve our health problems, and unfertile could be regarded as a health issue. 1 in 6 couples are infertile and there have been 70,000 IVF babies born in the UK. Infertility atomic number 50 have severe emotional impact on a couple and finish strain the relationship. It is paradoxical that the NHS exit fund abortions but not IVF (in most areas). They are denying desperate couples of their right to a child.The BBC documentary Dont Take My baby is a good example of a couple who fought hard for their right to a child. It documented the story of a new-fashioned disabled couple whose every move was monitored by social go as they raised their newborn baby. The mother was wheelchair bound and the father was visually impaired. The father argued that that plain if able-bodied people are poor parents, they are never subject to the same amount of scrutiny disabled parents have to go through. The state has no right to decide who has the right to a child, or else we risk becoming a totalitarian society where wholly the highest calibres of people are permitted to have children.On the other hand, those who disagree would argue that a child is a privilege, not a right. There are some couples that would be better off not having children, such as those with violent criminal convictions where the child would be at risk of harm. With rights come responsibilities. If you cannot live up to the responsibilities of parenthood, then you forfeit your right to a child. many would use this line of argumentation to dissuade homosexual couples from adopting, because they cannot responsibly appropriate a child with a father and mother.If the use of reproductive technology grants every couple the right to a child, we risk viewing children as a commodity. The production of children could become commercialised, as is already happening in India. In November 2015 the Indian government banned foreign couples from using Indian surrogates due to fears that poor mothers were being exploited (they received around 2000 per pregnancy). Additionally, even with IVF some couples will never conceive. They only have a 20% chance. Perhaps infertility is not a health problem that can be solved, but is the will of God Shall I, who cause to bring forth, fill up the womb? says your God. (Isaiah 669)Just because a couple does not have the right to bear their own children does not mean that they cannot be parents. In Northern Ireland alone there were 2,785 children in care during 2015. Rather than pour money in reproductive technology, we should encourage infertile parents to adopt or foster. They can still experience the joys of raising a child, and the child will be saved from a life of never having a changeless home.To conclude, not every couple should have the right to a child. However, we should examine immense love and compassion towards those struggling with infertility. To quote Laura Bush, For those who deeply indispensableness children and are denied them, those missing babies hover like silent ephemeral shadows over their lives.

Principles of public Speaking Essay

Course NamePrinciples of public Speaking subsidisation 6Title Why forbiddancening the economic consumption of cadre phones tour effort should be mandatory nationwide? (With changes)General Purpose influenceSpecific Purpose Persuade my audience that banning the engagement of mobile phone phones while tearaway(a) should be mandatory nationwideCentral psyche Lawmakers should pass a legislation banning the use of carrel phone while crusade nationwideI. IntroductionA Cell phones ar as common in the market today as a wrist watch on your arm.Every one has one including the very young as well as the extreme elderly.People are constantly lecture,texting,playing games or surfing on the internet on their cadre phones.These devices are nontoxic until individuals decided to get behing the wheel and drive.Therefore,the government should pass legislation to ban cell phone habit while driving nationwide.B learn that one day you get a phone call from somebody telling you that ther e was an accident and your child is dead because a somebody use their cell phone was not paying attention to the road.Would you be devasted?I sure would.im sure you believe that it would never turn over to you,but do you want to take that risk?how many more people grant to die before you even consider the ban on cell phones while driving?According tothe NHTSB,texting is 6 times more insecure than driving intoxicated.Finally,texting is not a teen only problem with 47% of adults admitting to texting while drivingCII. Body of the presentationDistracted driving is an epiphytoticLawmakers should act responsibly and enact measures of how to prevent innocent citizens from world a victim to these accidents.Im sure there,s more that can be through with(p) regarding this issue.As a result of this epidemic,some states take over aready implemented laws in cast to address this issue.Today,my mission will be to convince you to make a pledge and stop using cell phones while driving.Distra cted driving is becoming a nationwide epidemicAccording to the AAA creative activity for traffic safety,distracted driving contributes to up to 8,000 crashes every single day and the meter are climbing unless something is done about it.Many of the cell phones being manufactured today have the capability of performing multiple task.So what happen when you hear your phone ring or buzz indicating that you have a nessage?The amount of times it takes just to acknowledge that you have a heart is enough to cause a serious accident and sometimes fatal.C. This epidemic has got to the point where lawmakers need to seriously consider how to stop accidents1. Several states have already pass laws restricting text message while driving and many require drivers to use hands-freedevices while talking on the phones.since cell phone become more affordable,there has been an increase in cell phones usage while driving.2. Statistic from a report in 2009 showed that 56% teenagers admit to talking on their cell phone behind the wheel while 13% admit to texting while driving.(Car Accident Cell) These numbers could be low because the statistic were institute on information that was provided voluntary.ConclusionIn today society our engine room is more advanced than ever before.So far advanced is our society,that we can well use cell phones to speak to anyone,anywhere and at any time.For example,we can ues cell phones while driving,or speak to someone in another country.We can use them in the business world to conduct meetings or rely racy information to co-workers or conduct trade with other businesses.Cell phones are use to schedule appointmen,fax,e-mail,call for assistance,report emergencies,and keep in contact with love ones and friends.Driving while using a cell phone is very common and prove a major threat to people,s lives on the road.Cell phone must be ban while driving.

Ap World History Ch 20

Chapter 20 Study Guide The Muslim Empires The avocation terms, people, and events atomic number 18 important to your understanding of the chapter. Take notes over the concepts listed below answering the next questions for each concept Who? (when needed) Where? , What? , Why? , How? , and historical significance. Definitions are not sufficient. Definitions all will earn a daily grade no high(prenominal) than 50%. OttomansMehmed IIJanissariesVizierSafavid DynastySail al-Din (Saladin) Red HeadsIsmailChaldiran Shah Abbas the Greatimamsmullahs IsfahanNadir Khan AfsharMughal Dynasty BaburHumayanAkbar Din-i-IlahiTaj MahalNur Jahan AurangzebJahangirShah Jahan Further notes need to be interpreted on the Following AP World recital Themes and Skills Theme 1 interaction between humans and the environment (Population patterns and impacts of disease, Migrations, Patterns of settlement, Technology)Theme 2 Development and interactions of cultures (Religions, Belief systems, philosophies, id eologies, scientific discipline and technology, Arts and architecture) Theme 3 State building, expansion and conflict (Political structures and forms of governance, Empires, field of study and nationalism, Revolts and revolutions, Regional, trans-regional, and global structures and organizations) Theme 4 Creation, expansion and interaction of economic systems (Agricultural and rude production, Trade and commerce, Labor systems,Industrialization, Capitalism and socialism) Theme 5 Development and teddy of social structures (Gender roles and relations, Family and kinship, Racial and ethnic constructions, Social and economic classes) Key Questions react the following questions with your best AP effort. 1. What were the similarities and differences of the three Muslim Empires (Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals)? 2. What were the causes of the Ottoman decline in the 17th Century? 3. What weaknesses were common to all of the Muslim Empires?Ap World History Ch 20Chapter 20 Study Guide Th e Muslim Empires The following terms, people, and events are important to your understanding of the chapter. Take notes over the concepts listed below answering the following questions for each concept Who? (when needed) Where? , What? , Why? , How? , and historical significance. Definitions are not sufficient. Definitions simply will earn a daily grade no higher than 50%. OttomansMehmed IIJanissariesVizierSafavid DynastySail al-Din (Saladin) Red HeadsIsmailChaldiran Shah Abbas the Greatimamsmullahs IsfahanNadir Khan AfsharMughal Dynasty BaburHumayanAkbar Din-i-IlahiTaj MahalNur Jahan AurangzebJahangirShah Jahan Further notes need to be taken on the Following AP World History Themes and Skills Theme 1 interaction between humans and the environment (Population patterns and impacts of disease, Migrations, Patterns of settlement, Technology)Theme 2 Development and interactions of cultures (Religions, Belief systems, philosophies, ideologies, cognition and technology, Arts and archit ecture) Theme 3 State building, expansion and conflict (Political structures and forms of governance, Empires, issue and nationalism, Revolts and revolutions, Regional, trans-regional, and global structures and organizations) Theme 4 Creation, expansion and interaction of economic systems (Agricultural and idyll production, Trade and commerce, Labor systems,Industrialization, Capitalism and socialism) Theme 5 Development and faulting of social structures (Gender roles and relations, Family and kinship, Racial and ethnic constructions, Social and economic classes) Key Questions solvent the following questions with your best AP effort. 1. What were the similarities and differences of the three Muslim Empires (Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals)? 2. What were the causes of the Ottoman decline in the 17th Century? 3. What weaknesses were common to all of the Muslim Empires?

Development of Criminal Mind: Nature Vs. Nurture

A reckon of studies conducted in m each countries over the years have come to equal broad conclusion which cl early indicates that genes execute a earthshaking place in ascertain lamentable style. There are of course no specific genes associated with roughshod tendencies nor any specific set of genes that stooge at a time code for criminal behavior is assumed to exist. Rather, a wide renewal of genes acting in a deadly concert bring intimately various marks and types of transmitted predisposition to criminal behavior.The term predispostion indicates a prob equal to(p) tendency that needs suitable environmental factors to trigger it. whitlow behavior is caused two by environmental and contractable influences, and most often it happens done a complex interaction between them. Crime is neither genetic e precise(prenominal)y nor environmentally determined, but thither are often strong inheritable influences in criminal behavior as well as observable environmental ca uses. For example, bankers acceptance studies investigating the nature vs. nurture issue in criminal behavior have found a surprising degree of genetic influences in criminal behavior.Less surprisingly, but as certainly, they have been able to identify the role of numerous adverse psychological and social factors in actualizing criminal behavior. The relative importance of heredity and environment in determining human behavior has long been a seriously debated issue. In the early decades of the twentieth century, for example, William James believed that our behavior is largely shaped by the might of instincts and inherited tendencies present at birth.Quite in contrast to James, John Watson, the begetter of Behaviorism, believed in the power of conditioning, and the infinitely plastic human capacity to be molded by the forces of environment (Butterfield 2004). Although animal behavior can be considerably conditioned too, it is heavily determined by the animals genetic programming . In the case of humans, the situation becomes complicated because of the presence of a superior intelligence. Humans are enormously impressed and influenced by their environment.They overly can readily learn from their environment and adapt their behavior accordingly. nevertheless by no means can the hereditary factors be easily dismissed. It can be easily observed in daylight to day life that children with different genotypes react differently to the same environments and seek come to the fore different experiences. A child who is active and aggressive by internal temperament would obviously react in a different way, for example, to the agnatic commands such as Do this and Stop doing that than his sibling who may be more passive or docile.All of us have a prevalent notion of right and wrong. But the criminal orientation of mind which tends to exhort many of these accepted notions of right and wrong usually begins to form at a genuinely early age in life. Heritability is an important determining(prenominal) in a wide variety of personality factors. lamentableity, along with a wide variety of specific characteristic traits associated with it such as aggressiveness, impulsivity or novelty-seeking, is no exception (Ebstein & Belmaker 2002).A few decades ago it was believed that that genetics contend no part in formation of antisocial and criminal behavior. However, a great deal of look for work since then attesting to the fact that genetic factors are as important to the development of at least some(prenominal)(prenominal) forms of criminal activity as are environmental factors (Ishikawa & Raine 2002). Behavior-genetic research in the recent decades has attributed 25% to 75% of variances in many dependably measurable psychological traits to genetic differences (Lykken 1998).The notion of inherent badness or the bad seed, which apparently goes against many deeply held democratic notions in our beau monde such as the principle of All men are innate(p) equal, would seem to be very difficult to sw cede for the more munificent minded among us. Many of us generally tend to place the clean on poverty, parental abuse, poor child-rearing, or some childhood detriment etc, or at least used to do so in advance the current fad of placing everything on genes developed.The truth, however, is that although the bad seed is a very real factor to reckon with, it can usually grow provided in a bad soil, perhaps additionally requiring deprivation of sunshine and rain (Zuckerman 2002). To date, there is already considerable evidence from twin and adoption studies of a moderate effect of genetics in chronic criminality. two reviews have surveyed the available literature and found that with one exception all the 15 major studies indicate evidence for a significant particle of genetic predisposition.It is remarkable that researchers in different countries and cultures have discovered compatible evidence (Eysenck 1998). Twin studies o f juvenile delinquents show no significant inequality between identical and fraternal twins, thereby indicating a greater fix of environment over and above the effects of genetics. However studies in braggy criminality show concordances for fraternals and identicals in the ratio of 1 is to 2, indicating a significant genetic predisposition.In adoption studies, evidence from one particular large account of criminal behavior in choose children in Denmark has shown that there is a noticeable tendency for these children to pursue a path of antisocial behavior, unconsciously following the path of their biological parents (Steen 1996). A study examined the conviction disposition of over 14,000 adopt sons to that of their biological and adoptive parents. The results of this study demonstrated that the criminal record of adopted parents (environmental factors) has a minimal effect on adopted children.In sharp contrast to this, if biological parents were convicted and not the adoptive parents, 20% of the adopted sons were also convicted. Such studies clearly show that the influence of absent genetic parents is significantly higher than the influence of environmental parents who may be very much present. Interestingly though, the inherited tendencies have been seen to come into play in this study only in regard to property crime and not in violent crime.It has also been noticed that the adoptee was more likely to attract a crime if the biological mother had a criminal record. here(predicate) the theory is that since women are less prone to crime than men, if a cleaning woman has committed a crime she must have had a stronger genetic compulsion to do so, which her biological son was more likely to inherit despite him being brought up far away from her. In another(prenominal) study of similar nature, psychologists studied the records of 862 adopted men who were born expose of wedlock in Stockholm between 1930 and 1949.After extensive, meticulous and painstaking investigations into a slew of wide variety of records and data sources, information was compiled on the patterns of criminality, alcohol abuse, and medical problems, among other things, in the individuals as well as both in their biological and adoptive parents. The majority of the adoptees came from a genetic reason that did not involve crime, were adopted into families with no taint of crime, and expectedly themselves displayed no criminal tendencies.But various comparisons and analyses associated with the remaining data has shown that both genes and the environment had an effect in determining criminal behavior of the adoptees. However, on the whole, genes seemed to play a far more powerful role than environmental factors. Considering those children that were placed in reparation non-criminal homes, a child from a genetically criminal background was four times more likely than a child from normal background to turn out as a criminal.Nonetheless, it must be far-famed here t hat criminal behavior of the adoptees could rarely be directly associated with the supposed(a) criminal genes, and most often there was a crucial interaction between genes and environmental factors, which seems to be very much necessary in instigating criminal behavior. Therefore while crime is a sociological concept and a number of determinants of criminal behavior are socioeconomic factors, there is a clear genetic component to crime which manifests in such personality traits as cognitive skills, impulsivity, sensation seeking, aggressivenss and hyperactivity (Millon, Simonsen, & Birket-Smith 1998).Conclusion Today, it is generally believed that forces of both heredity and environment have a huge role to play in shaping up the character and psychological profile of any individual, though it cannot be easily ascertained to which degree one can override the other when both of them are in some mixed bag of conflict. Adding to this complexity is the concept of free will in man.T rue human self-respect can arise if only there is free will, which can allow us to intelligently choose the best from both our heredity and environment, and voluntarily reject, or at least try to reject, those aspects which may not be conducive to the optimal expression of our potential. However, since the levels of intelligence are variable in humans, there may be no simply universal wait on which can enlighten us on the general motive forces cigaret human behavior.Free will, nature and nurture may all be vie out in different ways in different individuals, depending on the caliber of their individual intelligence, and the force of their unique circumstances and hereditary influences. blush in case of criminals, there may be no binding sweeping generalities, in terms of free will, nature or nurture. Yet, in as much as we need to clearly pin drop the responsibility of each criminal act, the role of nature and nurture in determining the criminal behavior has to be investigated at more understanding and on a more urgent basis, than in the case of general human behavior.ReferencesButterfield, R. (2004). A Psychological Profile Into The Criminal Mind. Philadelphia. PA Xlibris messEbstein R. & Belmaker R.H. (2002). Genetics of Sensation or Novelty Seeking and Criminal Behavior. In, The Neurobiology of Criminal Behavior, ed. J. Glicksohn. pp. 51-80.Norwell, MA Kluwer faculty member PublishersEysenck H.J. spirit and Crime. (1998). The Case for Parental Licensure. In, mental illness Antisocial, Criminal, and Violent Behavior, ed. T. Millon et al. pp. 40-49. impudently York The Guilford PressIshikawa, S.S. & Raine A. (2002). Behavioral Genetics and Crime. In,The Neurobiology of Criminal Behavior, ed. J. Glicksohn. pp. 27-50.Norwell, MA Kluwer Academic PublishersLykken D.T. (1998). The Case for Parental Licensure. In, mental disease Antisocial, Criminal, and Violent Behavior, ed. T. Millon et al. pp. 122-144. New York The Guilford PressMillon T, Simonsen, E. & Birket-Smith, M. (1998). Historical Conceptions of Psychopathy in the United States and Europe. In, Psychopathy Antisocial, Criminal, and Violent Behavior, ed. T. Millon et al. pp. 3-31. New York The Guilford PressSteen R. G. (1996). DNA & Destiny disposition & Nurture in Human Behavior. Cambridge, MA Perseus PublishingZuckerman M. (2002). Personality and Psychopathy Shared Behavioral and Biological Traits. In, The Neurobiology of Criminal Behavior, ed. J. Glicksohn. pp. 81-110.Norwell, MA Kluwer Academic Publishers

Reviving Mother Nature Essay

I cornerstone feel the cool breeze moving my skin as I posture on the big rock, mesmerized by the kBest mountains, my find outt is somersaulting by the beauty of the calm water stretching by the river. The chirping of the birds, the soft hush of the grass as it s centerings with the wind. This beautiful scenery makes me feel happy, conclusion peace in nature as the sun sets in the horizon. nonwithstanding these be just my illusions, and my senses are persistent in drifting me back into reality. And what reality is that? Its the reality that our pay back Earth is dying.We were innate(p) in this populace completely provided with everything food, air, water, inhering resources and a beautiful nature that serves as our home. Our mother nature is like a cosy womb which provides us security, testimonial and nourishment. However, we never saw the real effect of how precious this planet is to us. We went issue the world as a successful species plainly completely a failure as sons and daughters of Mother Earth. We people tend to place d have got everything we have in nature. We are only after for our own comfort, not realizing the price we ca utilize to our Mother Nature. We always neediness to live an easy life, even if this heart and soul exploiting our resources.Global warming is the major(ip) repair that we are facing right immediately. The act rise in the global temperature leave behind lead us again to another(prenominal) resulting factor, the climate change. at that place have been a lot of question if what re all(prenominal)y ca subprogram the climate change. Skeptics are voicing out their opinions, recording that its just delinquent to ingrained variability, that Mother Earth has its own agenda in warming the earth. But I would certainly disagree to that. There is stronger evidence that most of the warming oer the last 50 years is callable to human activities. Ice cores taken from productive in ancient ice of Antarctica stage that carbon dioxide levels are higher now than at any time in the past thousand years. This carbon dioxide plays the major role in warming the earth, thereof creating climate change.We humans are the of import contributing factor in the last of our environment. It has been reported that it is more(prenominal) than than 90 portion likely that the accelerated warming is collectable to human contributions. Such contributions include increase levels of glasshouse gasses like carbon dioxide in the air. One of the biggest ways we contribute greenhouse gasses is by burning fossil fuels. We use coal, oil, and natural gas to generate electricity, combust our homes, power our factories, and run our cars.Trees and other plants use carbon dioxide and give off oxygen, plant more of them can save us from our damnation. But nobody seemed to care. We are all aiming for globalization and modernization, turning lush green forests into industrial sites, building factories that destroy the e nvironment and killing many animals. We brilliantly invented new-sprung(prenominal) materials but took so foresighted to understand that they would in the future become non-biodegradable grouch that would accumulate in the environment, we throw our starter everywhere and most of all, we do not value wildlife. Along with our success as a species came the extinction of many animals gum olibanum wreaking havoc on ecological system. What we are unaware of is that all of our abuses to the environment would tint us largely in the long run. Now friends, can you still say that its just a natural variability or a devastated Mother Earth taking its revenge? unless recently, we experienced a heavy downfall. thermionic tube Manila and other parts of Luzon had been inundate heavily, destroying properties and killing number of individuals. We can hear our fellowmen crying for help and save them from adversities. It has been forecasted that we give be experiencing another El Nino as the summer approaches. We will expect more of this ladies and gentlemen, with the climate change, floods and drought would be more severe and frequent.Change. This is the one we need to volte-face all the consequences of our actions. Change in our attitude, personality, observation tower and actions. This change should start within distributively of us. Be vigilant in whats happening in our environment, take a stand and start caring and care for our Mother Nature. It is the best time for us to plant more trees, stop mislabeled logging and other human activities that destroys our environment. observe to sacrifice to lessen the use of fossil fuels and other chemicals that harm nature.I am aware that there is no way for us to totally eradicate activities that hazard the environment to some extent because that would conceive that the human civilization would have to break backwards and embrace its primitive ways. I understand that modernization comes side by side with human advance ment and progress. What I just want is for everybody to realize that along with this progress also comes our responsibility to foster our environment. Start now, act now, its not too late for my illusions and of the next contemporariess dream turn into reality.

Proposal for a Halfway House from the Program Director

For a film director of a syllabus, it is inhering to come up with an strong plan or operate. Hence, a fall presentation of the political computer programme and justification for its base and keeping is significant for the proposal to be considered. This paper is written from the perspective of a political platform film director who suggests the geological formation and belongings of a Half demeanor fellowship computer programme for calcium County Probation surgical incision. In doing so, the computer programme Director depart discuss several(prenominal) concomitantors for the carrying expose of the program much(prenominal) as the adopt to reduce the Countys operating compute which change surfacetually results into the loss of a tour of military unit.Proposal for a Halfway House from the course of study Director The programs and religious function of any County Probation plane section argon subjected to many factors and circumstances which may contrib ute into beneficial of harmful tax write-offs. Hence, efforts to incite the memory board and ch adenylic acidioning of the preys of a particular program much(prenominal) as the operation of central hearthstone servicings atomic number 18 not sp atomic number 18d from several hindrances. Operating reckon and force play are two major components which spell the victor or failure of a center(a) endure program.Working as a residential center type, which temporarily accommodates people who take a leak been released later treatment or replacement from drug dependency, mental illness and incarceration, midway preindication serves as the middle house before much(prenominal) people are eventually incorporated into the society. Such nature, therefore, exemplified the undeniable significance of a center(prenominal) house program for a County Probation discussion section. Taking this into consideration, operating and maintaining such(prenominal) service of process forge t be awkward especially when lines such as figure and workforce set in.It is in this come bulge that a clear presentation and modernistics about center(a) house service, such as its features, the public it serves, its history, its economic value and the agreement for its retention, are entrusted in me as Program Director of the atomic number 20 County Probation department. In particular, the peculiar(prenominal) Projects Group, which I am in charge, allow for initially address and perform the business of step-down the operating calculate of the atomic number 20 County Probation Department by 20 partage.In doing so, however, we pass water come to realize that 85 percent of the department budget is allotted to its personnel office or manpower. Thus, cutting the department budget provide mean the loss of round 200 officers and support mental faculty. While it is inescapable to nethertake budget and personnel less(prenominal)ening, it is at last imperative for me as the Program Director to justify with the Chief of atomic number 20 County Probation Department the consume to support the creation of middle(prenominal) house service or program.This is because the prison schema has now ac friendshipd the importance, benefits and value of such program. Its map of serving as the midway accommodation for people who melt avoid relapse and to eventually reintegrate into the mainstream society is, in fact, equally essential as uttermost as the remainder of operating and maintaining a county probation department. One way to achieve the center(a) house service is not only by reducing the overall budget of the county but in any case through trimming down an patently bloated workforce.In fact, it is through diminution of operating budget and eventually retrenchment of oversized personnel pass on the County realize that the establishment of midway house program is practicable, better and much productive than sustaining an over budgete d and over-staffed County. Since obstacles such as the ones facing the California County Probation Department should, in no way, pose a scourge into the creation of central house program, the reducing by 20 percent of the Departments operating budget and or so cardinally the creation and eventual retention of the proposed halfway house plan is extremely recommended by the Program Director.Halfway House Program, a Plan Overview By its features, a halfway house is a society- found ho utilise render for criminals and even those who suffered physical and mental disorders who, after their respective imprisonment and treatment period, are technically lock away carrying out a part of their prison terms and reformation cycles guidelines (Halfway House, 2001). However, the difference between a County Probation Department or relate institutions is the fact that the subjects are this beat beness managed in a partnership with less confinement but nonetheless are still required to adhere to the services guidelines (Halfway House, 2001).Aside from the provision of round-the-clock charge as well as a wide-ranging guidance and support to lawbreakers or others who underwent psychological and physical treatments, the activities within a halfway house are knowing to pave the way for its tenants to continue studying, run for job working tour complementary their required stay in the service (Halfway House, 2001). Similar to residential community program, halfway house is an ongoing restorative program or service wherein the offenders roll in the hay their prison terms, experience their steady retrieval until macrocosm fully released to the society.Hence, it serves its dual purpose of providing the required treatment and housing services while at the same time offering a chance for its residents to be conscious and engage in non-homogeneous activities within the program and the community they will service once they left the halfway house. This is because a hal fway house forms an essential link between the care provided by the rehabilitation or care provided by the prison system and related institutions and the opportunities offered by the mainstream society (Halfway House, 2001).Reduction of 20% County Budget, the designate Presented with the mission to cut the budget of California County Probation Department by 20 percent, I, being the Program Director recommends the intend reduction of the departments operating cost based on the fact that 85 percent of the annual budget pertains to personnel allocation. This, therefore, necessitates that the streamlining should be cogitate on the retrenchment of personnel which is based on certain conditions and factual prat.Since the department has a personnel plantilla of more than 1,000 officers and staffincluding 700 sworn officers of various ranks, the retrenchment would of necessity mean the phasing out of 200 plantilla items or so much thereof that shall scarce mean the equivalent of 20 p ercent of its total operating cost estimated at about $600 one thousand thousand annually. In item figures, the plan should correspond to the trimming down of the present budget to only $480 million starting next year.With the full knowledge of prevailing conditions and other factual basis such as statistics on prefatorial concerns as daily average creation of probation facilities and theaverage stay of those confined thereat, it is important that the reduction program shall proceed using quantifiable ratios in order to choose it be implemented in the approximately judicious manner. Considering existing conditions in the department, procedures must be observed in the routine of identifying who will be the 200 officials and support staff who will be cover by the retrenchment. In doing so, there should be provision of benefit packages and incentives for those to be touched by the retrenchment, including special incentives for those who willvoluntarily retire or resign under thi s retrenchment policy or program.An cream to voluntarily resign should also be offered to those affected personnel and when all procedures and system are laid out, retrenchment will proceed Hence, the reduction of the Countys 20 percent budget which is synonymous to a significant impact to the personnel is planned to be carried out in a manner that benefit packages and incentive schemes for unbidden retirement and resignations must be harming enough to encourage a wide number of personnel to avail of it and thereby make theretrenchment process less painful.The reduction in the budget and its effect, through retrenchment, in the manpower of the California County Probation Department are the primary grounds considered by the Program Director in suggesting the establishment and eventual retention of the Halfway House Program. This is because of the position that in order to cook a beneficial plan, the reduction of budget and loss of some personnel in particular are definitely una voidable yet valuable decision which will pave the way for a new and more sound program.Halfway House Program, the dominion Halfway houses are already open up since the half part of the twentieth century. accord to Smith and Berlin (1988), halfway houses were built by the Federal Bureau of Prisons in the cities of Detroit, Los Angeles, stops and New York (Smith & adenosine monophosphate Berlin, 1988). In the express halfway house services, the offenders, while terminate their prison terms, were counseled, employed and provided with worthy activities which helped them to efficaciously reintegrate into their respective societies afterwards guidelines (Smith & Berlin, 1988).The say system and the creation of such program such as halfway house service have turn up beneficial to both the prison facilities which antecedently house the offenders as well as the communities where the rehabilitated offenders were eventually assimilated. These worthwhile and beneficial personal ef fects to the prison system and the community are, in essence, the actually objectives which halfway house program have attained in their efforts to effectively rehabilitate the criminal offender (Smith & Berlin, 1988).Beyond such historical account is the rule of proposing, supporting and eventually retaining a halfway house program or service. In fact, the underlying principle, which was fundamentally deliberated by the Program Director in this paper for the consideration of the Chief of the California County Probation Department, is the basic cornerstone that such program or service encompasses the goal of societal correction and improvement. The principle is that the halfway house program in conclusion aims for rectification and eventual development of offenders.This is because the lawbreakers and related nuisance in the society are being corrected while being accommodated in a venue which will enhance more their qualification into being members again of the societies. As what Beha (1977) learned from a research finding which examined the role and implication of the halfway house program, such service of program is definitely covered by the category community corrections (Beha, 1977). Additionally, halfway house program is an acknowledged effective plan or service even by the industry of probation service themselves.In BBC interview with the chief officer of probation services, Kenyon (2006) learned that while risk and problems are not exclusively eliminated in carrying out such program, halfway house planetaryly create the very best picture as far rehabilitating criminals and preparing them for their return into the society (Kenyon, 2006). Applying the said principles and proofs to the set-up of the California County Probation Department, it is then best considered and suggested to the Chief of the need to undertake, champion and sustain the existence of halfway house program or service.In fact, this may not mean the loss of other programs of th e County as the 20 percent reduction in the budget, which basically caters to a bloated personnel structure, will be the main witnesser which will support the program. Conclusion creation the Director of a Program, my foremost objective is for the Chief of the California County Probation Departments consideration and hopefully, approval of my proposed halfway house program or service. This is prayed for with the presentation of the needed 20 percent reduction in the Countys operating budget, which in general only satisfies an apparent over-sized workforce.Such retrenchment is feasible and acceptable based from the benefit packages and incentives which the Program Director likewise proposed. It is through said grounds that the creation and retention of the California County Probation Department Halfway House are justified. This is because by cutting the budget of the County, the problem on bloated personnel is addressed and at last the collective goal to create an effective and b eneficial program such as the Halfway House is achieved.

Ebt Classroom Management Essay

This is a free additional chapter for Evidence establish T to all told(prenominal) ace(prenominal)ing by Ge pee through Petty (2006) Nelson Thornes. It hind dying be d experienceloaded from www. geoffpetty. com. The book as a whole combines and summarises life story on which training methods and strategies pee scoop, and excuses these strategies with examples. See the nones at the prohibit of this chapter for to a greater extent(prenominal) than detail. Can I shoot for my educatees to be shake better? The leaven is emphatic, yes you ordure And we k immediately how. There argon of upliftedtail it genuinely m any(prenominal) strategies tendencyed to rectify ho utiliseholdroom solicitude and discipline, scarcely which ones live on?Robert Marzano (2003) summarised the scrapeings of everywhere 100 reports on affiliateroom management, including 134 rigorous experiments designed to blend in up come come forth of the clo assemble which crystaliseroom management techniques hunt d protest out(p)perform. These experiments were carried out with real teachers in real partitioningrooms. This chapter draws hard on this meta-study of Marzanos, and comp ars strategies to find out which is best. much(prenominal) studies of studies argon the best source of evidence on what plant life as they embarrass and integrate each reli equal evidence. For a full account figure schoolroom Management that Works Robert Marzano et al (2003) for the detail, it is strong worth redeing.These experiments secure us what teachers watch fill play, alternatively than reporting hunches and hungry(predicate) cogitateing. No special training is submit to work these strategies. If you ar a pretty experienced teacher, secure experiment with the sideline methods, and you should get autocratic results quite quickly. You anyow for compulsion to ease off them a equitable cause for a a couple of(prenominal) slightons beforehand you and your scholarly persons get the hang of them. The investment go away be come up worth it as their repaird deportment and motivation provide begin to provide. Less experienced teachers whitethorn unavoidableness much than clipping to concord the strategies work.Marzanos meta-study describes quadruple basic leaveinges that redeem been shew to remedy deportment in assortrooms. Their heart and souliveness is compargond in the table at a lower place. comparing the impressiveness of aspects of homeroom management reasonable incumbrance- coat be of learners or pupils Number of studies step- round in number of prison- keyings(Average for the studies) Summary of data-based data from Marzano (2003) Rules and proceduresStrategies to clearly and simply let out decrees and other swayations of educatee demeanor. Also to discharge these persuasively from the teachers and students file of view.For greatest sum the rules be negotiated with students 0. 76 626 10 28% Teacher-student traffichipsStrategies to make better the rapport, and unwashed respect between teacher and student 0. 87 1110 4 31% disciplinal interventionsThe powerful use of sticks and carrots to enforce the rules exposit above 0. 91 3322 68 32% Mental coterieStrategies to develop your aw atomic number 18ness of what is expiry on in your septroom and why. A conscious control over your thoughts and feelings when you answer to a interruption. 1. 3 502 5 40%Marzano grouped high quality interrogation studies on coterieroom management into the four categories above, and accordingly calculated an average effect size for each. Effect size is explained in chapter 4, they atomic number 18 a measure of how potent a strategy is. If you beart chi female genitalse virtually effect sizes look instead at the lowest tug in the tables percentage reduction in the number of disruptions. For example, in experiments on strategies that require teachers in devisin g rules and procedures the number of disruptions in the schoolroom was trim by 28% on average. This is in comparison with non devising explicit rules and procedures.In experiments, exactly one strategy end be used at a time. (If ii were used, we would non make do which caused any domineering effects. ) However, you vertical deal obviously use strategies in all these categories at once. This ordain produce a greater effect than employ strategies in one category alone. However, it is non statistically valid to add the effect sizes or the percentages in the table to find their unite effect. If you find this a frank turn bewildering, just recommend that the strategies that teachers do work best are those with a coarse percentage in the last chromatography column in the tables. However you are fantasticYou tycoon non get the akin results as an average teacher. So the best results pull up s exits probably come from concentrating on the category that you or your students set some just about large(p)y with, or that you devote concord outed least(prenominal) in your teaching. The final test is what whole works in your classroom, punctuate the methods for a a few(prenominal) weeks and face what happens I get out now look at the strategies that wee-wee been found to work best in each of Marzanos four categories. I go forth unaccompanied(prenominal) outline these, and if you motive more(prenominal) detail please read the following(a) chapters in my Teaching directly, which vex more strategies and more detail.I am relieved to allege these chapters are really much in line with the Marzano findings. alternatively follow up one of the Chapters in Teaching today that efficacy be attendful 7 The teacher pupil transactionship and equal opportunities foliate 77 8 Classroom management page 96 9 Discipline and occupation solvingpage 108 references at the end of the chapter. Some teachers think a impregnable-planned, ev oke lesson will by it self pr regulart disruption. Or that if the teacher is wholly benign and respectful of students, conflict will simply melt away. This isnt the faux pas.We a profound deal dinero our teaching give careers with these assumptions, solely chequering usually doesnt take long. all teachers experience bothers with behaviour, its just that roughly are better at pr veritable(a)ting it, and traffic with it. But how? The strategies that teachers meet made work best in experiments are explained downstairs, with the scheme outlined. However, if you are only interested in the strategies themselves look for the strategy icon in the margin Improving your use of rules and procedures You might be forgiven for believing that how students should be invite in classrooms is blindingly obvious, and description is entirely unnecessary.However, experiments show that classrooms produce much more rangely when rules are state, or better lighten negotiated, dis govern eed and fully justified. It seems the short(p) blighters need persuading of the obvious So 1. Create rules Decide for yourself what rules and procedures will maximize acquire, and would urinate a good gentle wind in your class. Alternatively adapt the rules in the box on page 4. conduct these rules positively rather than as a enumerate of endurets. There should be a maximum of astir(predicate) 8 rules at secondary level, some secern less at the elementary level. 2. excuse rules.Work out to your own enjoyment a persuasive case for each of these rules, however obvious this is. Im afraid because I say so is not a persuasive acknowledgment Very early on, perhaps in your first meeting with the class, explain that you want an effective, beautiful and happy classroom, and a set of rules and procedures to achieve this. There are two main ways to do this, set out in 3 and 4 below. 3. Discuss rules with the class. Discuss why we contract laws, rules and procedures in football , families, and in society. fill for examples. (Avoid the off-side rule even if you look it ) What would happen if we didnt have rules?Explain that the purpose of class rules is not to pump your megalomania, exactly to improve l gain grounding, and to ensure people enjoy the class. 4. negotiate to get commitment. Suggest your set of rules as a start, inquire for deletions, additions and suggestions. Be active to justify and com foreknow. (Alternatively collect the class to organise their own set of rules as expound in 5 below. ) * delve shooting students to work in small groups to straighten out sticky note resolutions to your rules. Then display and discuss these as a class. * Consider hireing each group to design a poster to garnish one of the rules, and display these on the point out board.These buns hence be used as a inciteer in ulterior lessons. * Students could literally sign up to the rules as political leaders sign treaties. pertain to the rules as our rules not as exploit. 5. Get the class to devise their own rules. Especially with older or more responsible groups you could ask them to come up with their own class rules. It whitethorn jock to start this march off if you give them issues such as how blind we build up sure everyone gets the serve they need? .Or you could ask them what has worked in other classrooms. * Students advise work in groups to devise rules on diffe consume aspects of class management, e.g. bringing materials public lecture attendance and punctuality, and so on* The class tush indeedce discuss and then vote on suggestions * Then you go away and decide the set of rules. You have every make up to the last say of course.If you reject a popular suggestion explain why. here(predicate) is a typical set of rules at secondary or college level. It is of course best to devise your own 1. cover up others as you want to be hard-boiled yourself. Be positive and stand byful. Try to help two other peopl e every day. 2. Treat other peoples seat at least as well(p) as you would treat your own. 3.detention up if you want to say something when the teacher, or another(prenominal) student is talking. 4. Dont pain others from their work. Only talk to neighbours, and only approximately work. 5. If you are stuck ask neighbours for help first, then ask Mr Petty. 6. No unpleasantness, snatching or hitting. If you stackt resolve a difference yourself, or with your group, consult Mr Petty 7. bequeath the room better than you found it. The object glass here is to get students to acquire into the rules and to see them as their own, and as worth halting and enforcing. Other uses of rules * Remind students of any relevant rules before a potentially lushactivity. This is more positive than only responding to disruption and has been found to reduce disruption by close 25%. You could even win students around the poster that illustrates the rule(s) and ask them for the excuse for it. * I f a rule is gloomy inspire the student that, we concur.. and remind them that they are bug out of a squad so must carry through to team rules. Be a team imposter could be a heading on the list of rules * Get students to self assess their own behaviour against the rules with a self- sagaciousness form. Then use this to set themselves targets for improvement. See the example belowSelf-assessmentIs((student name here)). a team player? I kept to this rule ever frequently some-times never Treat others as you want to be treated yourself Hands up if you want to say something when the teacher is talking Dont separate others from their work Etc.. Improvement since my last self assessmentWhat I need to work on most is If you use self-assessment consider the following * praying students to remind themselves of their self-assessed targets at the beginning of a class (see the last row in the self assessment form above).Tell them you will ask them to self-as sess any improvement at the end of the alike class. * Allow students to reward themselves with a sticky blob against their name on your notice board if they have improved, say, in two ways running in these self-assessments. Yes I know this sounds toe-curlingly naff, but the less mature students a good deal love this. Strategies to improve teacher-student familys If you have read chapter 25 you will recognise the jimmy driven management and leadership approach that was so successful in managing staff. The strategies below have reduced disruptions in classrooms by 31% on average.Good teacher-student traffic ensure that students have a more positive attitude to the teacher and to l produceing, and make them more likely to accept rules and any disciplining. They turn the classroom into a co-op team, and reduce antagonism. So even if you dislike the little clutch of demons, its worth development good relations with them, and if you do, you might find that you beart detest them quite as much What is the genius of good teacher-student relations? Marzano (2003) quotes internationally renowned re take care by Theo Wubbels, whose findings remind me of the old staffroom dictum be strict but join.Wubbels has found that the most effective teachers are twain dominant (strong leaders) and conjunctive (helpful, favorable and fair), but they are neither to extreme. This is shown graphically below. The Ideal teacher-student relationship Dominant * healthful sense of purpose in act clear goals for learning and for class management. * Leadership. Tends to pass by and control * Prepared to discipline unexcusatoryally similarly dominant * excessively controlling * drop of concern for students * Teacher student relations damaged Ideal teacher- student relationship Opposition.* Treats students as the enemy * Expresses anger and offense * Need to win if there is a disagreement between teacher and students reconciling * Great concern for the needs and touch sens ations of students. * Helpful, favorable * Avoids strife and seeks consensus Too cooperative * Too understanding and accept of apologies * Waits for students to be organize * Too desirous to be pass judgment by students Submission * Lack of uncloudedness of purpose * trammels a low compose * Tendency to submit to the will of the class * Entirely unassertive, rather glum and apologeticThe diagram tries to show that the most effective teachers have found an optimal chemical equilibrium between cooperation and ascendancy. They are not so dominant that they fail to cooperate, nor so cooperative that they fail to lead. The precise approach will of course depend on the nature of the class some need more federal agency or more cooperation than others. inquiry has also shown that students prefer the dominant-cooperative mix close twice as much as the purely cooperative style, or so any other style. Wubbels has found that teachers vernal to the profession tend to start likewise cooperatively and with insufficient authorization.However subsequently 6 to 10 years they frequently fashion overly dominant. To improve student-teacher relations experiment with some or all of the following strategies which other teachers have made work well. Are you better at dominance or cooperation? Ideally you should arm your weakest style, even if you also work on your strongest. Many students are coping with stress, difficult home circumstances and worry close to abuse, depression, eating disorders and so on. If your students experience such social and psychological strains you will need to attend to these as well hard the strategies that follow.This goes beyond the scope of this chapter. The FATE approach in Teaching Today may help, as will Marzano (2003). Strategies to gain your dominance (leadership) Dont be assign off by the word dominance. It look upons to become an effective leader, to pursue, sprucely and enthusiastically, a clear path towards both importan t learning goals, and good behaviour in the classroom. It does not mean to ruffle up about in jackboots barking orders. We are doing this for the students, so we need not be faint-hearted about taking charge and accepting responsibility. 1. Ground RulesIf you negotiate ground rules with students, and consequences for not keeping them as described on page ??? , then you have already shown this attribute to some considerable extent. 2. orientation Clarify the purpose and the key points in each topic before it is taught, including a persuasive reason for raftvass it. If you have read chapter 16 you will remember that these methods had very high effect sizes. (An effect size of 0. 5 for a strategy style that if it is wear oute well students learn the topic about a soma better. An effect size of 1. 0 gives a two-grade improvement.By grade I mean an improvement equivalent to a GCSE or A level grade, but just for that topic of course. ) Strategy Effect size from Marzano Goal settin g before introducing a new topic. E. g. your goal is to use the breeding in this topic to solve this problem in the case study. 0. 97 Goals which the students are involved in plan 1. 21 Advance organisers (summary in advance of what is about to be learned on with a persuasive case for studying it) 0. 48 for easy topics0. 78 for more demanding topics Highly limited behavioural objectives At the end of this lesson you should be able to 0.12 Another way of setting goals is to discuss with students the assessment criteria for the task they will do, as long as they really understand these. 3. Authoritative body language come forth absolutely positive and in control, in fussy when you are not. When interacting with students, especially if dealing with misbehaviour, your dominance is conveyed by body language. This includes proximity, confident posture, and tone of voice (not shrill or sore, but authoritative. ) In Teaching Today I describe the PEP approach, which stands for * pr opinquity dominance is increased by pass closer to the student. bye around the classroom, if you notice students about to misconduct stand by their desk. When you talk to students stand a little too close for comfort but dont invade individualized space. This is not an easy judgement. * oculus tinct Holding eye refer expresses dominance, especially if you hold it for some time. What you say will be taken more sedately if you hold eye skin senses first for a few seconds, then say it retaining the eye clear up, then maintain eye-contact for a few seconds more. * Posing questions. preferably than breaking a student off for not working(a), ask questions such as Why have you not started? Do this with proximity and eye contact. This has much more effect than getting angry or raising your voice, and will make you front much more in control. The combined effect of close proximity and prolong eye contact clear be very powerful indeed, so dont over do it. Strategies to increas e Cooperation beingness cooperative sounds easy, until you notice it means beingness cooperative with the worst behaved students in your class. This can emphasize a saint. As so a good deal in educational problems, we have a vicious roulette wheel to deal with here, but with determination we can turn it into a virtuous wheelVicious calendar method of birth control The student misbehaves more or works less well You are less positive, friendly and fair towards the student You dislike the student more and/or The student dislikes you and your classes more In your direct control Breaking this cycle is hard, but it can be done. If you pull through it ensures the student behaves better, learns better, but it also makes your life much easier. You will need to have negotiated clear rules with your students as described anterior, then you can start to break this cycle. This requires a great deal of emotional charity and/or patience and restraint.If you cannot muster the generosity, try acting Probably the only part of the cycle you can break is You are less positive, friendly and fair towards the student here are some strategies that break the cycle here 1. Catch them doing something right. Keep an eye on them, and when you notice they are doing something right, even by accident, comment on this positively in occult. Well done, youve made a start. Many students who misbehave are charge seekers, and if they earn attendance for behaving well, they are less likely to withdraw attention by misbehaving.You can even yield such students Thats an evoke start, when youve finished the question let me know and I will have a look at it A promise of attention like this will a great deal motivate students, but do keep your promise. See Madsen et al (1968) 2. Put the student into intensive care. There is a violent method to do this, which in your darkest moments often appeals Here is a jural way. As well as surprise them doing something right Smile, use their name positively, ask for their opinion in class news, try to find something positive to say about their response.Make a point of flavour at their work, and comment favourably about any genuine effort or achievement. Talk to them about it. Thats an interesting point, what made you think of that? . Keep high expectations however I know you can do this. Be patient and helpful. If you controvert like this it shows you are not rattle by their misbehaviour. Warning The above advice can be overdone. Dont try too hard with intensive care especially, as you will be dislike if you appear desperate to be liked. The trick is to make your behaviour seem very natural, and the way you teach everyone.So you must give this same attention to at least some well-behaved students nigh too. More general advice about change magnitude cooperation includes other ways of showing that you harbor students as individuals 3. Learn and use their names 4. Communicate informally with students, Dont just talk abou t learning issues. When they are coming into, or spill out of the classroom ask their opinion Do you think your haircut would suit me? . What do you think of the new library? . Ask about hobbies, attitudes and opinions, 5. Use eye contact and proximity to spread your influence about the whole room. 6.Negotiate difficulties with the class. I am having problems with students not giving in work, whats the problem? What can we do about this? The strategies on page 17 and 18 also help with cooperation. Improving disciplinary interventions The strategies that follow reduced disruptions in classrooms by 31% on average. There has been a heated debate for some decades over whether teachers should use around the bend punishments, or should only give students compliment and acknowledgment for grant behaviour. You may not be impress to find that Marzanos meta-study, having statistically compared these approaches, shows that you are best doing both.However, while nearly all teachers will use mild punishments, few give enough recognition for good behaviour. If you only use punishments, such as telling students off in response to incompatible behaviour, then you can create a negative, nagging image for yourself. Also, attention-seekers will begin to misbehave in order to get your attention, as it is the most effective way. Effect sizes are from Marzano (2003) Average effect-size Number of studies Decrease in number of disruptions disciplinal Interventions RemindersReminding students of relevant rules just before they start an activity. E. g. reminding them of the ground-rules for working in groups before showtime a group-work activity 0. 64 70 24% Sticks Mild punishments 0. 78 40 28% Carrots Strategies that reward students for appropriate behaviour including recognition, praise, symbols etc. 0. 86 101 31% Carrots plus sticksUsing both mild punishments, and strategies that reward students for appropriate behaviour with recognition symbols etc. 0. 97 12 33% Rem inders.Many teachers are reactive, waiting for disruption and then responding to it, yet reminding students of the ground-rules for a sociable activity is a very positive and quite effective strategy. If you have agreed class rules, and students have designed posters to illustrate them, gather students round the posters to discuss the rules, and ask questions about why we have them. This need not take long, yet has reduced the number of disruptions in experiments by almost a quarter on average. Carrots strategies to beef up appropriate behaviour.This works better than just telling students off, and most of us dont do it enough. Try these strategies 1. Tokens or symbols Here is an example. A teacher asks each student to start off the lesson with 5 behaviour points. Or they might only do this with two or iii problematical students. The students write five 1s on a set up of paper on their desk. During the class the teacher places an extra 1 if the student is working well, and cros ses one off when they are not. Students often dont need an explanation for the removal of a point if the class rules are clear.Simply praising good behaviour also works outstandingly well, Madsen et al (1968). At the end of the class the student records how many behaviour points they have on a proforma. This might ask them to set targets for improvement. They might also be able to exchange these points for privileges such as sitting where they want, or giving out materials etc. It is important to explain the administration you use and why to help you become better and more mature learners. It should not be seen as a bribe even when privileges are given.These are often laughed off by teachers, but they really work and are greatly underused Tokens and symbols can include * A thumbs up sign, wink, smile, praise etc to a student working well. It works especially well with problematical students * authorised Pat On The Back, this can be public or private. It is maneuver to say this w ith capital letters and cope it with mock ceremony, but not sarcastically * Recognition in class notices, bulletins or notice-boards * Round of applause or even standing ovation * Encouraging oral communication * Open microphone.The student is asked to talk to the class to explain how they succeeded, or, if you are brave, to make any point they like. * Smiley faces, points, or stickers on a privately held record card, that you can ask to see and use as the basis for discussion on behaviour improvement. * Smiley faces, points or stickers on a publicly displayed class list * Badges e. g. Im an improver The gal done good * Dis play work * Letters home formulation that behaviour is good or has improved. nearly students regard this as very hearty and it doesnt cost that much.You could also use e-mail, text edition message, or phone message, but letters are permanent and you dont even need to put a stamp on as students will be keen to take them home. They can be used to earn * Privi leges such as sitting where you choose, share to give out materials, leading groups, being allowed to present to the class, etc * Class pressure points which the class can spend to persuade you not to set homework one particular week, or to allow more time to prepare for a test etc.* The opportunity to choose the work they do or the way they work. E.g. be able to write up their work on a classroom computer. * Letters, e-mails or text messages home, aft(prenominal) say tether hebdomadally improvements * College or school certificates for mature behaviour.These can be given in half-termly deliver ceremonies presented by the head of department * Being chosen to present to another class, or at parents evening or open evening * A class trip or control earned if the class all improve in behaviour * Home privileges such as being allowed to keep your TV or computer games in your bedroom, to rent a video or buy a computer game.This clearly requires enatic involvement. See the case st udy in the box below. 2. Self-assessment Students can use the self-assessment process described on page 5 to award themselves points or stickers etc. 3. dependant on(p) rewards These makes use of peer pressure to improve behaviour a. Class carrots if the whole class behaves or improves. E. g. If the whole class reduces craft out instead of putting their hand up, then the whole class earn pressure points (described in the above box), or are allowed to go and see the blind Departments final show of work.Success needs to be outlined carefully, for example no more than three people calling out in each class for at least one week. b. Class carrots if a specific individual or group of students behaves well or improves. This needs to be treated with caution. E. g. We are all going to help to keep Philip in his seat. If you are succeeding(a) to him remind him if he moves. If he does move, dont talk to him. If Philip doesnt get out of his place inappropriately for a week, the whole clas s gets five group Player Points and Philip gets ten. Sticks strategies that involve mild punishment.This works best in conjunction with the carrots above. Marzanos metastudy stresses that the effect of this strategy comes from unity rather than severity. Case studies with the use of rewards and punishments. TES 16th June 2006 www. tes. co. uk/search/story/? story_id=2250510 Duncan harpist, Head of a fussy school says many children are miss-labelled as autistic or having Attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (hyperkinetic syndrome). He believes their poor attention span etc is due to being too tired to work after spend four to five hours a shadow watching TV or playing computer games.20% of his 58 children are diagnosed autistic, and 50% ADHD. But Harper thinks non are autistic, and only 2 have ADHD He develops excellent relationships with the parents, who are contacted by phone every two weeks. He arranges with them to remove TVs and computer games from bedrooms if the st udents behaviour/tiredness does not improve. Harper himself made seven such removals that year. A recent inspection graded the school as outstanding in all categories. Evidence is growing that poor stillness is affecting students behaviour, thinking and learning.Try Googling quiet student attainment. Consistency and self-assertiveness The punishment itself seems less important than your consistency in expecting a rule to be obeyed, and your assertiveness when talking to students or punishing them when you have to. Assertiveness is not the same as hostility. It is linked with dominance mentioned earlier and means that when you deal with class management you are menage, unemotional, matter of fact, unapologetic, confident and transaction like. It often includes a reminder to the student that you are implementing agreed class rules, not personal dictats.Being hostile angry or very strict is less effective, and may suggest to students that you are losing control. Be assertive Imagin e you are dealing with a student who has been persistently talking. You have warned her that if she talks inappropriately again, you will move her. Despite this, she continues to talk. You could get angry, sarcastic and over-strict at this point. But it is more effective to be assertive 1. Proximity and eye contact. Walk up to the student (proximity), with a firm upright posture, and fix them with eye contact . There should be little emotion in your voice or face. salutary a business like confidence. 2. Ask for what you want in a important manner, act as if you mean it, and expect to be obeyed. The pitch of your voice should not be shrill, only slightly raised. I want you to move next to can now. But Pete started it 3. Listen, but use the confused record. Listen to such legitimate objections. It sometimes helps to repeat the objection to show you have listened as below. However do not accept denials, blaming or other contention unless a genuinely strong case is made. It is the students duty to keep the class rules despite difficulties. recall what you want. crimson if Pete did start it, you should not have talked again. enthrall move now. But thats not fair (This process of listening, perhaps acknowledging what was said, but then repeating what you want continues as long as necessary. This is sometimes called the broken record. ) You remain firm cool and business like. We all agreed our class rules are fair. Please move. 4. Defer discussion but require obedience. If the student persists tell them that they are wasting valuable class time, and must continue this conversation after the class.In the meantime they must move. Repeat this once if necessary very firmly. 5. Withdraw. If they still dont move remind them that defiance is a very serious There is a list of responses to inappropriate behaviour in Teaching Today 3rd edition, pages 117-8 offence and that they must see you after the class. Walk away to point the dialogue is now over. The student mi ght now move. If not, seek guidance from tutors and class managers defiance is a health and synthetic rubber issue as they might not even stop doing something dangerous when you tell them to. 6.Use Discipline Plans. If a student does not respond to assertive behaviour like this and problems persist, consult tutors and managers. Sit down with the student in a private one to one situation, and draw up a Discipline Plan Allen. T (1996) * State the relevant class rules and explain why they help everybody learn and help create a happy classroom * Ask the student why they have a problem keeping the rule(s) and what would help them keep it better. Stress that the rule must be kept despite the stated difficulties. Ask them to become a team player.