Review and Comparison of Different Software Quality Models

Review and Comparison of Different softw atomic number 18 package Quality fabricsMuhammad Qasim Riaz1 and Zeeshan Asif21,2Department of Computer Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, PakistanAbstractSoftw atomic number 18 step exemplifications are one of the trounce means for the support of parcel fictitious character management system. Since more than 30 years, some(prenominal) prize lessons overhear been offered and apply with fluctuating mark of success. To be particular, with the idea of defining the multidimensional content of software quality management system a variety of qualitative places have been presented by which different aspects of this topic have been tried to be investigated decently. By investigating the trends and evolution of software quality models and identifying differences in the approaches and judgment outcomes, the results indicate important progress in the development of software quality models. Many definitions and models of softw are quality are studied and a hawkish conclusion is drawn. It carries on with a review of the quality models and comparison between them.IntroductionThe of import aspects of the quality at which every software engineer should focus himself are reviewed and compared 4 in this paper. straightaway a days, in modern age of technology large firms and companies spend millions and billions of dollars at the IT projects to get precise and efficient software services. Our first point is, what is meant by quality 1 in software results. What should we do to a software intersection to decide it as a quality product, simply a good product or name it as a failed product. Many papers have been published about the causes of project failure e.g. 8. Several models and galore(postnominal) success factors are presented for effective and precise management of projects to make up the quality of products 5. This paper is taking a review by examining factors and points discussed in different models i nterchangeable Boehm, McCall and many others98. We to a fault illustrates their impact on quality of the software product.Secondly, many models are presented by different researchers, organizations and scientists. Most of the scientists lineed the basic models of software quality presented by the McCall, Boehm, and FURPS. On the basis of these models IEEE and ISO presented unused models and also did many additions comparable ISO 9126. This paper emphasizes all these models of quality factors and explains a comparison between them. How to measure the quality of software and which scales are delineate to measure it, are also mentioned in the paper. At the end, effect of quality at the cost and demand of software will also be discussed.We have reviewed and compared the following software quality models in this paperMcCalls software Quality castBoehms software Quality baby-sitFURPS software Quality frameworkIEEE software Quality ModelISO 9126 software Quality ModelA quality model is or soly stated as a set of characteristics akin document clarity, design trace-ability, integrity, program reliability, test integrity and relationships among them which truly provide the foundation for identifying the requirements of quality and calculating quality. It can be identified as defined set of properties that are required for a product to meet stated purposes. The advantage of quality model is determined by the decomposition of main physical objects want product, process or organization in the list of its properties and characteristics. It is applicable for forecasting, guaranteeing and authenticating the accomplishment of a well-defined goal.Quality DefinedAs the quality of any object/thing in universe can be defined asThe measure of standard of any object/thing against the other objects/things of same kindhearted is known as the quality of that object/thing.ORIt can also be defined as the degree of superiority or inferiority of something as compare to the othe r things of same type.For example the quality of a computer depends on the speed of the computer, reliability of the computer, consistency of the computer and many other factors like that. Similarly, the dictionary definitions of quality in computing largely concentrated on excellence and improvement in product International measures(IS) professionals should focus.Quality fit to ANSI Standard can be define asQuality is the sum of characteristics and features of a software product or a service that bears on its capacity to foregather the given needsQuality according to IEEE Standard (IEEE Std. 729-1983)All the characteristics and features of a software product which stand on its capacity to fulfill the particular requirements 6 for example, follow to conditions.The grade to which software keeps a wanted mixture of features.The mark at which a consumer observes that software meets his mutual outlooks.The multiple characteristics of software that define the unit according to which th e software product in use will meet the hopes of the customer.General Kinds of the ModelsNow a days, most of the quality models are hierarchical models which are base on the basic principles of the quality and related metrics 7. All of these models are classified on the basis of the means and ways according to which they have been generated. These are categorized into the following three types.The assumed model is based on the hypothesis relationships among variables used.The model based on data-driven by a statistical abbreviation of related matrix in model.This model is the mutual effect of hunches which are used to determine the simple type of the model and secondly the Data abstract used to formulate the constants of the model along with the variable values.Different Quality Models4.1 McCalls Quality ModelThis was the first ever quality model presented by the Jim McCall in year 1977 which is also called General Electronic Model 8. Before presenting this model there was no any authentic model to review or take for the quality of the product. This model provides a set of the basic characteristics to measure the quality of product.Figure 1. McCalls quality model and all of its componentsThree major perceptions of the McCall model for declaring and recognizing the quality of the product are presented following crossway Operation The degree of any product that how much quickly and easily it can be understood, it includes, reliability, correctness, efficiency, integrity and usability criteria.Product Revision it covers the maintainability, testability, changeability, flexibility and debugging of the product.Product Transition it deals with the adaptability with the environment, portability, reusability and interoperability of the product.4.2Boehms Quality ModelBoehms software quality model 9 offers more attributes and characteristics of product than McCalls quality model. It was presented by Barry W. Boehm in 1978. Boehms model is almost similar to the McCal l Quality Model because it also presents a hierarchical quality model designed about high-level, intermediate level and primitive characteristics, individually of them plays an important role in the overall quality level. All above stated levels constitute the questions of buyer, the quality factor which can affect or represent the quality of product and offers the basis for describing qualities metrics.Figure 2. Boehms quality model and all of its componentsAlmost both Boehms and McCalls models similar to some extent 10.The difference in these both models is that McCalls model mainly centers on the accurate measurement of the high-level characteristics As-is utility. On other hand Boehms quality model is dependent on a broader be given of characteristics with a stretched and detailed emphasis on primarily maintainability.4.3 FURPS Quality ModelFURPS model was presented after the McCalls and Boehms model. It was firstly presented by Robert Grady and Hewlett Packard Co. the abbre viation of word FURPS stands for Functionality, Usability, reliableness, Performance and Supportability of the product under development 11.Functionality Functionality contains combination of characteristics, security, features and capabilities.Usability This section covers the factors which affect usability of the product like Human Factors, Aesthetic, material of training and documentation of the user.Reliability It ensures the reliability and integrity factors like Recovery to failures Time among failures, Frequency and severity of failures.Performance Enforces conditions on practical necessities like speed, availability, efficiency, throughput, accuracy, resource usage, response time and recovery time.Supportability This section contains the components like Extensibility, Adaptability, Maintainability, Compatibility, Configurability, raise ability, Serviceability and Localizability.Figure 3. FURPS quality model and all of its components4.4 IEEE Quality ModelInstitute of Electri cal and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 12. It is an international organization which also provided many standard models for the software product quality and maintenance. It presented, many standards of software quality assurance and verification/validation of the software product. The abstract figure of IEEE software quality models is given transportFigure 4. IEEE quality model and all of its componentsThis model illustrates several ways for the measurement of qualitative factors and reflects factors like Efficiency, Functionality, Maintainability, Portability, Reliability and Usability.Efficiency It includes the characters like time and resources.Reliability It contains the factors and the characteristics which are used to increase and maintain the maturity and reliability by fault tolerance and Recoverability.Functionality It includes characteristics like accuracy, compatibility, completeness, security and interoperability.Supportability It helps in maintaining the testability, ext endibility and correctability.Portability It makes the software por instrument panel by ensuring characteristics like hardware independency, software independency, adaptability, install-ability and reusability.Usability It ensures the comprehensibility, communicativeness and ease of learning.4.5 ISO 9126 Quality ModelISO 9126 14 13 is presented by the international standard organization. It is one of the most implemented and used quality model for maintaining the quality of the software product. This modern model is based at the previous models like McCall, Boehm, FURPS and many other old versions of the ISO like ISO 9000 and etc.Figure 5. ISO 9126 quality model and all of its componentsThis version of ISO also takes account of functionality as parameter and include identification of both internal quality characteristics and external quality characteristics of the products. The characteristics new version of this model 15 contains are Efficiency, Maintainability, Functionality, Reli ability, Portability and Usability.Efficiency It contains the characters which affects the throughput in a given time and resources used.Reliability It includes the Maturity, Fault Tolerance and Recoverability.Functionality It contains many essential characteristics which are undeniable for the proper functionality of the product like suitability, accurateness, interoperability, compliance and security.Maintainability It helps in maintaining the changeability, stability and testability by using analyzability.Portability It makes the software more dynamic and portable by ensuring characteristics like adaptability, install-ability, conformity and replaceability.Usability It makes sour that the learnability and operability of the software product should be easy and simple.5. Comparison of ModelsAccording to the above study and figures we did a comparison between all of the models to justify our competitive study.McCall Model according to the reference and the figure 1 of McCall mode l we can observe it can say following characteristics are included in this model correctness, reliability, efficiency, integrity, usability, flexibility, maintainability, testability, portability, interpretability and reusability.Boehms Model As shown in the above figure 2 and the literature the characteristics owned by the Boehms model are device independence, self-contentedness, understandability, modifiability, testability, human engineering, efficiency and reliability.FURPS Model FURPS is the combination of functionality, usability, reliability, performance and supportability these are further classified into security, capabilities, availability, efficiency, throughput, accuracy, resource, response time, integrity, failures, human factors, documentation, extensibility, maintainability, compatibility, install ability and serviceability. All these characteristics are mentioned in reference no. .IEEE Model As we mentioned above the IEEE model is consist of the external and interna l characteristics like functionality, reliability, supportability, usability, efficiency and portability these external characteristics are sub divided into internal characteristics like time, resources, wrongful conduct tolerance, availability, completeness, accuracy, security, compatibility, interoperability, testability, correctability, hardware independence, software independence, installability, reusability, usability, comprehensibility, ease of learning, extensibility and communicativeness .ISO 9126 Model ISO 9126 is the combination of all the models it includes all the best characteristics which are necessary for building up a satisfactory product. The main characteristics of the ISO model are functionality, reliability, maintainability, usability, efficiency and portability. The derived sub characteristics form those main characteristics are suitability, accurateness, interoperability, compliance, security, maturity, fault tolerance, recoverability, understandability, learn ability, operability, time behaviour, resource behaviour, analyzability, changeability, stability, testability, adaptability, installability, conformance and replaceability.6. ConclusionWe have studied several types of software quality models which are different on the basis of their characteristics and methodologies. true(a)ly it was a great task and challenge for us to conclude which model is the best and which we should prefer to implement in developing a good software product. In this paper we have also made a comparison table (above) to understand the real differences in the models. This table also shows which features and characteristic a model contains or lacks. We have studied and compared the following models.McCalls Model In McCalls quality model, the quality is mostly measured on the basis of judgment of the person(s) or the users by answering the questions given in a questioner. (Yes or no questions).Boehms Model While Boehm concentrates on the levels based upon the cha racteristics of the product.FURPS The FURPS quality model is made and stretched to be cast-off in the IBM Rational packet Company. So, it is a special-purpose quality model, which is presented, for the benefits and betterment of that company.IEEE It is also a good model to implement. It uses different measurement ways and standards like software quality assurance to maintain the quality of the product.ISO 9126 The ISO 9126 quality model is the most useful model it has been figured on the basis of international agreements and accordance from all the countries which are members of the ISO organization.In result of the comparative study ISO 9126 is best model. simply it depends at your software product and the organizations that which model is best for use. It is a satisfactory and successful completion we hope it help the new users to understand the quality models properly and easily.Quality CharacteristicsModels McCallBoehmFURPSIEEEISO 9126 StabilityIntegritySecurityMaturityUsabili tyAccuracyFlexibilityEfficiencyReliabilityPortabilityTestabilityReusabilityFunctionalityAnalyzabilityModifiabilityPerformanceInstall AbilitySupportabilityInterpretabilityMaintainabilityFault Tolerance understandabilityTime ManagementSelf-contentednessAvailabilityHuman FactorsinteroperabilitycomplianceSuitabilityReplaceabilityadaptabilityDevice IndependenceReferences1 Khomh, F., Haderer, N. and Antoniol, G. (2009). SQUAD package Quality Understanding through the abstract of Design, Reverse Engineering, WCRE09, 16th working conference2Dubey, S.K., Gosh, S. and Rana, A. (2012). Comparison of software system Quality Models An Analytical go up. 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