intelligence Essays -- essays research papers

Intelligence is the level of competence, ability to learn or to some peopleit is how well an individual performs on an IQ test. The social structure ofintelligence is best subdivided into two significant categories. They arenvironmental and contagious influences. Environmental differences can be divided into different factors. Thedeprivation mould of social class and intelligence consists of threevariables. These variables explain, in terms of environmental factors,development and performance which ar correlated with social status. The first of these variables consists of the faction of birth rear,nutrition, and prenatal care. Children who are first born, on average gradation better on mental tests. There is a definite higher(prenominal) number of firstborn children among higher socioeconomic groups as contradictory to lowersocioeconomic groups. According to Bruce Eckland, children of highereconomic class list to be brighter, on average, than children of lowereconomic group s (65). Both prenatal test and malnutrition, impairdevelopment and are found overmuch more ofttimes among lowersocioeconomic classes. According to Philip E. Vernon, the fetus canhave leave out blood supply and growth of the fetus can be overturned if themother takes certain drugs or suffers from certain diseases. Severe stresson the mother can also be hazardous to the fetus (84). These conditions explicit are both genetic and or resulting from environmental conditionsand are cognize to as constitutional factors. The second variable of thedeprivation model which helps acquaint differences in performance is thecultural variable. It seems that lower socioeconomic classes experience aunique pattern of behavioral and psychological traits which impairdevelopment in children raised in these conditions. The last environmentalvariable that accounts for differences in the cognitive development is thesocial cultural variable. This variable includes deprivation which involvessocially coo rdinate inequalities in education and other social opportunitiesfor improving performance. Sidney W. Bijou states that in order to helpdevelopment, an ample supply of physical stimuli for cognitivedevelopment is well-disposed along with the people who have to managethese stimuli in contingent relationships aft(prenominal) the birth of the child (230). Another environmental contribution to intelligence, which Bijou points outis th... ...ort the determination that both genetic and environmental components have asignificant motion upon the intelligence of the child. There has also beensome research done on identical twins who live in different environments. They have been compared with siblings who are not twins but live in thesame environment. The correlativity results for twins who live apart is .75and .24 for no-twin siblings who do live together. It seems that together,these two correlations approximately add up to 1.00 which is the total phenotypicvariance. Vernon points out that the effect of genes is much morepowerful than that of the environment. Even though the precise values ofthe correlations are of dispute, analyses of kinship data, concludesVernon, provides the most convincing demonstration of genetic influenceon intelligence. Undoubtedly ,the subject of intelligence can be defined in many ways. To better understand intelligence psychologist have rendered two main(prenominal)influences as cause for variable intelligence levels. These two maininfluences as discussed previously cannot be explained as one being themain clincher of intelligence. This two influences are environmentaland hereditary influences.