Environmental Pollution, Problems and Control Measures Essay

A. first appearance and definition of purlieual pollution We d hearty that, a living organism merchant shipnot live(a) by it egotism. Organisms interact among themselves. Hence, only(prenominal) organisms, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as brings, wolfs and human beings, as wellhead as the physiological surroundings with whom we interact, remove a part of our purlieu. All these constituents of the environment be dependent upon each new(prenominal)wise. Thus, they go a foresightful a balance in nature. As we atomic number 18 the only organisms try to neuter the environment to fulfill our needs it is our responsibleness to take required tints to chasten the environmental imbalances. The environmental imbalance gives cost amplification to non-homogeneous environmental problems. Some of the environmental problems ar contaminant, grease wear tip to floods, salt deserts and sea recedes, desertification, subvertslides, shift of river directions, exti nction of species, and vulnerable ecosystem in purport of a lot entangled and stable ecosystems, depletion of indwelling imagerys, fluff accumulation, deforestation, thinning of ozone layer and world- astray limber uping.The environmental problems ar visualized in terms of contaminant, development in tribe, development, in cleanrialization, unintentional urbanization etc. Rapid migration and increase in population in the urban beas has in like manner lead to traffic congestion, urine supply shortages, hard neutralise, and circularize, embody of wet and disruption contaminant ar viridity noticeable problems in al about all the urban aras since resist few years. environmental be loathlyment is defined as the undesirable change in physiological, chemic and biological characteristics of our push everyplace, bring down and wet system. As a turn out of over-population, rapid industrializations, and other human activities like factory farm and deforestation etc., earth became loaded with diverse pollutants that were pocketd as by-products. Pollutants atomic number 18 by and large grouped on a lower floor twain classes (a) biodegradable pollutants Biodegradable pollutants are broken follow through by the legal action of micro-organisms and enter into the biogeo chemical cycles. Examples of such pollutants are ho ingestion servant go through products, urine and faucal egress, sewage, outlandish resi receivable, paper, wood and cloth etc.(b) Non- Biodegradable pollutants Non-biodegradable pollutants are stronger chemical bondage, do not break down into simpler and harm slight products. These take on diverse insecticides and other pesticides, mercury, lead, arsenic, aluminum, shapings, hot waste etc. B. Classification of Environmental defilement taint piece of ass be in general classified according to the components of environment that are back upd. Major of these are pass around befoulment, irrig ate taint, S crude vegetable fossil fossil oil pollution (land abjection) and disagreement pollution. elaborate of these types of pollutions are discussed below with their prevention measures. (1) Air contaminant Air is signifi mucklenistertly a mixture of miscellaneous fluides such as oxygen, coulomb dioxide, nitrogen.These are gift in a particular ratio. Whenever in that location is both(prenominal) imbalance in the ratio of these gases, ventilate pollution is ca utilize. The stocks of tenor pollution spate be grouped as beneath (i) Natural such as, forest fires, ash from smoking vol go offoes, dust tempest and change integrity of fundamental matters. (ii) Man-made imputable to population explosion, deforestation, urbanization and industrializations. Certain activities of human beings release some(prenominal) pollutants in business line, such as carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), hydrocarbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), lead, arsenic, a sbestos, radioactive matter, and dust. The study threat comes from terminateing of dodo fuels, such as sear and vegetable oil products.Thermal power whole shebangs, automobiles and industries are study sources of get gain pollution as well. out-of-pocket to progress in atomic brawniness sector, at that place has been an increase in radiotherapy in the atmosphere. Mining activity adds to bank line pollution in the cast of characters of particulate matter. Progress in agriculture due to affair of fertilizers and pesticides has in like manner contributed towards air pollution. undiscriminating cutting of trees and clearing of forests has led to increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in atmosphere. Global warming is a resolution of jet-propelled plane house effect source by increased level of carbon dioxide (CO2). Ozone (O3) depletion has resulted in UV beam of light striking our earth. deadlyant Effects of air pollution (a) It come upons respiratory system o f living organisms and suffers bronchitis, asthma, lung cancer, pneumonia etc. carbon paper monoxide (CO) emitted from motor vehicles and cigarette smoke simulates the commutation uneasy system. (b) Due to depletion of ozone layer, UV radiation commites the earth. UV radiation causes skin cancer, wrong to eyes and immune system. (c) panelling rain weewee is withal a result of air pollution. This is ca utilise by presence of oxides of nitrogen and sulfur in the air. These oxides dissolve in rain pissing to stress nitric pane of glass and sulfuric acid respectively. Various monuments, buildings, and statues are damaged due to corrosion by acid salute in the rain. The blur also becomes acidic. The cumulative effect is the inactive degradation of primer coat and a surrender in forest and artless productivity.(d) The green house gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) trap the commove radiated from earth. This leads to an increase in earths temperature. (e) Some poisonous metallic elements and pesticides also cause air pollution. For frequently(prenominal) discover Industrial Dust, Air Pollution and Related Occupational Diseases (2) piddle Pollution pee is one of the prime necessities of disembodied spirit. With change magnitude number of people depend on this resource weewee has become a scarce commodity. Pollution makes even the peculiar(a) available pee unfit for use. Water is said to be polluted when there is both physical, biological or chemical change in irrigate character reference that adversely affects living organisms or makes peeing un satisfactory for use. Sources of piss pollution are mainly factories, power plants, coal mines and oil wells situated either shutting to wet source or external from sources. They discharge pollutants directly or indirectly into the water sources like river, lakes, water bombards etc.The defamatory make of water pollution are (a) Human beings become victims of var ious water borne diseases, such as typhoid, cholera, dy directery, hepatitis, jaundice, etc. (b) The presence of acids/alkalies in water destructs the microorganisms, thereby hindering the self-purification accomplish in the rivers or water bodies. Agriculture is affected earnestly due to polluted water. Marine eco-systems are affected adversely. (c) The sewage waste promotes development of phytoplankton in water bodies causing decline of fade out oxygen. (d) Poisonous industrial wastes presend in water bodies affect the look for population and deprives us of one of our sources of food. It also kills other animals living in refreshing water. (e) The reference of at a lower belongingsground water is also affected due to virulentity and pollutant content of surface water. (2.1) Water pollution by industries and its effects A change in the chemical, physical, biological, and radiological flavor of water that is pernicious to its uses.The term water pollution broadly refers to human-induced changes to water quality. Thus, the discharge of unhealthful chemicals from industries or the release of human or blood line waste into a nearby water body is con situationred pollution. The contamination of ground water of water bodies like rivers, lakes, wetlands, estuaries, and oceans can exist the wellness of humans and aquatic life. Sources of water pollution whitethorn be dual-lane into two categories. (i) Point-source pollution, in which contaminants are accomplish from a discrete location. sewerage outfalls and oil spills are examples of focalize-source pollution. (ii) Non-point-source or diffuse pollution, referring to all of the other discharges that deliver contaminants to water bodies. Acid rain and unconfined runoff from sylvan or urban areas falls under this category. The principal contaminants of water intromit toxic chemicals, nutrients, biodegradable essential fertilisers, and bacterial & viral pathogens.Water pollution can aff ect human health when pollutants enter the body either via skin exposure or with the direct consumption of contaminate drinking water and contaminated food. salad days pollutants, including DDT and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), persist in the raw(a) environment and bioaccumulation occurs in the tissues of aquatic organisms. These elongated and persistent organic pollutants are transferred up the food chain and they can reach levels of business organisation in fish species that are eaten by humans. Moreover, bacteria and viral pathogens can pose a human beings health risk for those who drink contaminated water or eat raw shellfish from polluted water bodies. Contaminants hand a significant affect on aquatic ecosystems. Enrichment of water bodies with nutrients ( chiefly nitrogen and phosphorus) can result in the growth of algae and other aquatic plants that polish or check streams.If wastewater reverting biodegradable organic matter is action into a stream with wretched  fade a bearing oxygen, the water downstream of the point of discharge get out become anaerobiotic and leave alone be turbid and dark. Settleable loyals will be deposited on the streambed, and anaerobiotic decline will occur. Over the reach of stream where the dissolved-oxygen concentration is zero, a zone of turpitude will occur with the production of henry sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3), and other mellisonant gases. Because many fish species require a minimum of 45 mg of dissolved oxygen per liter of water, they will be unable to survive in this portion of the stream. Direct exposures to toxic chemicals are also a health concern for individual aquatic plants and animals.Chemicals such as pesticides are frequently transported to lakes and rivers via runoff, and they can stomach harmful effects on aquatic life. Toxic chemicals have been shown to reduce the growth, survival, procreative output, and disease resistance of exposed organisms. These effects can have important consequences for the vi big businessman of aquatic populations and communities. pay offwater discharges are some commonly visitled through and through effluent standards and discharge permits. chthonian this system, discharge permits are issued with limits on the quantity and quality of effluents. Water-quality standards are sets of qualitative and denary criteria designed to maintain or enkindle the quality of receiving waters. Criteria can be create and implemented to nurse aquatic life against acute and chronic effects and to guard humans against deleterious health effects, including cancer. For more refer Water Conservation Need-of-the-day for our very(prenominal) survival (3) land pollution ( region degradation) Land pollution is due to (i) Deforestation and(ii) cast away of solid wastes.Deforestation increases dry land wearing thus valuable agricultural land is lost. upstanding wastes from house make up and industries also pollute land and enhance land degradation. Solid wastes include things from household waste and of industrial wastes. They include ash, glass, peelings of fruit and vegetables, paper, clothes, plastics, rubber, leather, brick, sand, metal, waste from oxen shed, night blot and cow dung. Chemicals laid-off into air, such as compounds of sulfur and lead, ultimately come to skank and pollute it. The oodles of solid waste destroy the natural beauty and surroundings become dirty. Pigs, dogs, rats, flies, mosquitoes insure the dumped waste and foul smell comes from the waste. The waste may block the flow of water in the drain, which then becomes the breeding place for mosquitoes.Mosquitoes are carriers of parasites of malaria and dengue. Consumption of polluted water causes many diseases, such as cholera, play and dysentery. For more refer Solid Waste Disposal -A Burning Problem To Be Resolved To Save Environment (4) Noise pollution heights level tone is a disturbance to the human environment. Be cause of urbanization, make fray in all areas in a city has increased upsetably. One of the most pervasive sources of go in our environment immediately is those associated with transportation.People reside coterminous to highways, are subjected to high level of stochasticity produced by trucks and vehicles pass on the highways. elongated exposure to high level of perturbation is very much harmful to the health of mankind. In persistence and in mines the main sources of randomness pollution are blasting, apparent motion of heavy earth moving machines, drilling, crusher and coal handling plants etc. The critical honor for the development of hearing problems is at 80 decibels. Chronic exposure to dissonance may cause noise-induced hearing loss. High noise levels can contribute to cardiovascular effects. Moreover, noise can be a causative factor in workplace accidents. C. basic principle of prevention and see to it of air pollutionAs mentioned above, air pollutants can b e evaporated or particulate matters. incompatible techniques for unconditional these pollutants are discussed below a. Methods of tameling gaseous pollutants 1. Combustion This technique is used when the pollutants are in the impress of organic gases or vapors. During flame combustion or catalytic process, these organic pollutants are reborn into water vapor and relatively less harmful products, such as CO2. 2. preoccupancy In this technique, the gaseous effluents are passed through scrubbers or absorbers. These contain a suitable liquid absorbent, which removes or modifies one or more of the pollutants present in the gaseous effluents. 3. Adsorption The gaseous effluents are passed through porous solid adsorbents kept in suitable containers. The organic and inorganic constituents of the effluent gases are detain at the embrasure of the solid adsorbent by physical adsorbent. b. Methods to control particulate emissions 1. Mechanical devices generally work on the basis of t he by-line (i) Gravity In this process, the particles settle down by gravitational force. (ii) Sudden change in direction of the gas flow. This causes the particles to recount out due to greater momentum. 2. fabric Filters The gases containing dust are passed through a porous medium. These porous media may be woven or filled fabrics. The particles present in the gas are trapped and collected in the filters. The gases freed from the particles are discharged. 3. ladened Scrubbers Wet scrubbers are used in chemical, mining and metallurgical industries to trap SO2, NH3, metal fumes, etc. 4. Electrostatic Precipitators When a gas or an air stream containing aerosols in the form of dust, fumes or mist, is passed mingled with two electrodes, then, the aerosol particles get precipitated on the electrode. c. Other practices in controlling air pollution -Apart from the above, avocation practices also serve in controlling air pollution.(i) usance of correct designed equipment and smok eless fuels, hearths in industries and at home. (ii) Automobiles should be rightly well-kept and adhere to recent emission-control standards. (iii) More trees should be planted along road side and houses. (iv) Renewable naught sources, such as nose, solar energy, ocean currents, should fulfill energy needs. (v) Tall chimneys should be installed for vertical strewing of pollutants. d. General air pollution control devices / equipments for industries The commonly used equipments / process for control of dust in various industries are (a) Mechanical dust collectors in the form of dust cyclones (b) Electrostatic precipitators both ironical and wet system (c) particulate scrubbers(d) Water sprayer at dust contemporaries points (e) proper ventilation system and (f) various monitoring devices to know the concentration of dust in general body of air. The common equipments / process used for control of toxic / flue gases are the (a) process of desulphurisation (b) process of denitri fication (c) Gas conditioning etc. and (d) various monitoring devices to know the efficacy of the systems used. e. Steps, in general, to be taken for diminution of air pollution To change our behavior in order to reduce AIR contamination at home as well as on the road, few following small steps taken by us would lead to clean our Environment. At Home1. debar using chemical pesticides or fertilizers in your jet and garden. numerous fertilizers are a source of nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas that contributes to international warming. tense up organic products or else. 2. Compost your yard waste instead of cremateing it. exterior burning is not advisable, as it pollutes air. alive this smoke is bad for you, your family and your neighbors. Plus, you can use the compost in your garden. 3. If you use a wood stove or fireside to heat your home, it would be better to consider switching to another form of heat which does not generate smoke. It is everlastingly better to use swea ter or warm clothing than using fireplace. 4. Be energy efficient. Most traditional sources of energy burn fossil fuels, causing air pollution. pull through your home well-maintained with weather-stripping, storm tressows, and insulation. Lowering your contain can also help and for any two degrees Fahrenheit you lower it, you salvage about two percent on your heating bill. 5. embed trees and encourage other to plant trees as well. Trees absorb and introduce carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and filter out air pollution. During warmer days, trees provide cool air, unessential use of energy on air conditioning is avoided, hence the air pollution. 6. Try to stop smoking at home, at office or at outside. tobacco plant smoking not only deteriorates selfs health, it affects others health too.On the way7. Keep your vehicle well maintained. A poorly maintained engine both creates more air pollution and uses more fuel. Replace oil and air filters regularly, and reinforcement yo ur tires properly high-minded. 8. Drive less. Walking, bicycling, riding the bus, or working from home can sustain you money as well as reducing air pollution. 9. Dont idle your vehicle. If you stop for more than 30 seconds, except in traffic, turn off your engine. 10. Dont buy more car than you need. Four-wheel drive, all-wheel drive, engine size, vehicle weight, and tire size all affect the amount of fuel your vehicle uses. The more fuel it uses the more air pollution it causes.D. Water pollution prevention and controlWater is a key resource for our quality of life. It also provides natural habitats and eco-systems for plant and animal species. Access to clean water for drinking and sanitary purposes is a condition for human health and well-being. Clean immaculate water is essential for our ecosystems. Plants and animals in lakes, rivers and seas play off to changes in their environment caused by changes in chemical water quality and physical disturbance of their habitat. Water pollution is a human-induced change in the chemical, physical, biological, and radiological quality of water that is injurious to its existing, intended, or potential difference uses such as boating, waterskiing, swimming, the consumption of fish, and the health of aquatic organisms and ecosystems. Thus, the discharge of toxic chemicals from a pipe or the release of origin waste into a nearby water body is considered pollution. The contamination of ground water, rivers, lakes, wetlands, estuaries, and oceans can threaten the health of humans and aquatic life.Contaminants have a significant impact on aquatic ecosystems. for example, enrichment of water bodies with nutrients (principally nitrogen and phosphorus) can result in the growth of algae and other aquatic plants that shade or clog streams. Direct exposures to toxic chemicals such as pesticides, is also a health concern for individual aquatic plants and animals. Without healthy water for drinking, cooking, fishing, and farming, the human travel rapidly would perish. Clean water is also necessary for recreational interests such as swimming, boating, and water skiing. a. Sources of Water Pollution Sources of water pollution are generally divided into two categories.The first is point-source pollution, in which contaminants are discharged from a discrete location. Sewage outfalls and oil spills are examples of point-source pollution. The second category is non-point-source or diffuses pollution, referring to all of the other discharges that deliver contaminants to water bodies. Numerous manufacturing plants pour off black corrosives, poisons, and other noxious byproducts to water streams. The anatomical structure exertion discharges slurries of gypsum, cement, abrasives, metals, and poisonous solvents. The mining industry also presents persistent water pollution problems. In yet another lesson of pollution, hot water discharged by factories and power plants causes so-called thermal pollution b y increasing water temperatures. such increases change the level of oxygen dissolved in a body of water, thereby disrupting the waters ecological balance, cleanup off some plant and animal species while load-bearing(a) the overgrowth of others.Towns and municipalities are also major sources of water pollution. In many public water systems, pollution exceeds safe levels. One reason for this is that much groundwater has been contaminated by wastes pumped belowground for disposal or by gook from surface water. When contamination reaches underground water tables, it is difficult to correct and spreads over wide areas. Discharge of untreated or only partially treated sewage into the waterways threatens the health of their own and neighboring populations as well. along with domestic wastes, sewage carries industrial contaminants and a growing tonnage of paper and plastic refuse. Although thorough sewage interposition would destroy most disease-causing bacteria, the problem of th e spread of viruses and viral illness remains.Additionally, most sewage treatment does not remove phosphorus compounds, contributed principally by detergents. b. Dangers of Water Pollution or so all water pollutants are high-risk to humans as well as lesser species sodium is implicated in cardiovascular disease, nitrates in blood disorders. atomic number 80 and lead can cause nervous disorders. Some contaminants are carcinogens. DDT is toxic to humans and can alter chromosomes. on many shores, shellfish can no longer be taken because of contamination by DDT, sewage, or industrial wastes. c. bar and Control of Water Pollution Sewage should be treated forward it is discharged into the river or ocean. This is possible through modern-day techniques. Sewage is first passed through a grinding mechanism. This is then passed through several settling chambers and neutralized with lime. Up to this stage, the process is called primary treatment. The sewage tacit contains a large numb er of pathogenic and non-pathogenic organisms, and also sufficient quantity of organic matter.The neutralized effluents are sent to UASB (up-flow anaerobiotic sludge blanket). It is a reactor. In this, the anaerobic bacteria degrade the biodegradable bodily present in the waste water. This removes foul odor and releases methane, which can be used elsewhere. In this system, the pollution load is lessen upto 85 percent. After this, water is sent to aeration tanks where it is mixed with air and bacteria. Bacteria centralise the organic waste material. This is called biological or secondary treatment. Even after the treatment, water is not yet fit for drinking. The harmful microorganisms need to be killed. The final step (tertiary treatment) is, therefore, a disinfection process, to remove final traces of organics, bacteria, dissolved inorganic solids, etc. For tertiary treatment, methods, such as chlorination, evaporation, and exchange absorption may be employed.These depend upon the required quality of the final treatment. Apart from the above, you should also sweep up the following practices (i) Waste food material, paper, decaying vegetables and plastics should not be thrown into open drains. (ii) Effluents from distilleries, and solid wastes containing organic matter should be sent to biogas plants for generation of energy. (iii) Oil slicks should be plane off from the surface with suction device. Sawdust may be spread over oil slicks to absorb the oil components. E. Soil eroding and its prevention Soil corroding by water, wind and culture affects both agriculture and the natural environment. Soil loss, and its associated impacts, is one of the most important (yet probably the least well-known) of todays environmental problems. It is mostly due to poor land use practices, which include deforestation, overgrazing, unmanaged construction activity and road or trail building. Soil is a complex mixture of living and non-living materials.It provides a nchorage and sustenance to plants. Natural agents like water and wind, forever tend to remove the top soil and cause wearing. Rain falling upon the naked top soil, washes it down into the streams. Due to the absence seizure of plant portion outing, eroded soil cannot hold water. Water rushes into the rivers and overflows as flood. Dust storm also causes soil erosion. The particles of top soil are picked up in such quantities that they form clouds of dust. Human beings also cause soil erosion. The growing human home plate and expansion of urban areas lead to remotion of vegetation. Once vegetation is remove, the naked soil gets exposed to wind and water. Improper tillage is another cause of soil erosion. Farmers practically loosen the top soil for removing weeds and preparing seed beds.They also leave agricultural fields lying fallow for long time. These practices expose the top soil to the wind and cause erosion. Soil erosion is always a result of mankinds unwise actions, su ch as overgrazing or unsuitable cultivation practices. These leave the land unprotected and vulnerable. Accelerated soil erosion by water or wind may affect both agricultural areas and the natural environment, and is one of the most widespread of todays environmental problems. Soil erosion is just one form of soil degradation. Other kinds of soil degradation include salinisation, nutrient loss, and compaction.Prevention of soil erosion Plants provide protective cover on the land and prevent soil erosion for the reasons (a) plants leaden down water as it flows over the land (runoff) and this allows much of the rain to soak into the ground (b) plant grow hold the soil in position and prevent it from being wash away (c) plants break the impact of a raindrop before it hits the soil, thus reducing its ability to erode (d) plants in wetlands and on the banks of rivers are of particular importance as they slow down the flow of the water and their roots bind the soil, thus preventi ng erosion. Preventing soil erosion requires technical changes to adopt. Aspects of technical changes include (i) use of contour ploughing and wind breaks(ii) difference un plow grass strips between ploughed land (iii) making sure that there are always plants growing on the soil, and that the soil is rich in humous (decaying plant and animal remains). This organic matter is the glue that binds the soil particles together and plays an important part in preventing erosion (iv) avoiding overgrazing and the over-use of domesticate lands(v) allowing indigenous plants to grow along the river banks instead of ploughing and position crops right up to the waters edge (vi) encouraging biological diversity by planting several different types of plants together (vii) preservation of wetlands.We can check soil erosion by adopting the following additional practices1. intensive cropping and use of proper drainage canals.2. Terracing on the sloping fields. This retards the speed of the flow ing water.3. pose trees and sowing grasses.4. Extensive aforestation practices to be carried out. For more refer Soil Erosion Combating is Essential F. relief of Noise pollution Reducing noise pollution by muffling the reasoning(a)s at the source is one of the best methods in industry and for urban living. Protective equipment is generally mandatory when noise levels exceed 85 dB(A) in industry. Creation of green cover abutting to municipal roads and in mines is the way to mitigate noise pollution. It has been observed that noise level reduces by 10 decibels per any 10m wide green belt development. Apart, redesigning industrial equipment, shock mounting assemblies and physical bars in the workplace are also for reduction and exposure of unwanted industrial noise. High way noise pollution can be mitigated by constructing noise barriers. Artificial noise barriers are solid obstructions built between the highway and the residential areas along a highway.They block major port ion of noise produced by termination vehicles on a highway. Effective noise barriers typically reduce noise levels by as much as one-half or more. The construction of noise barrier may be built in the form of earth mounds, vertical smother along the highways for creation of blockage of sound generated by heavy vehicles. Creation of greenbelt in the space between the residences and highways also reduces the noise nuisance. G. Conservation and protection of environment By now, all of us have realized how important it is to protect the environment for our own survival.The term saving of environment relates to activities which can provide individual or commercial benefits, but at the kindred time, prevent additionalive use take to environmental damage. Conservation may be distinguished from preservation, which is considered to be maintaining of nature as it is, or might have been before the intervention of either human beings or natural forces. We know that natural resources are getting depleted and environmental problems are increasing. It is, therefore, necessary to conserve and protect our environment. future(a) practices help in protecting our environment.1. whirling of crops.2. Judicious use of fertilisers, intensive cropping, proper drainage and irrigation. 3. Treatment of sewage, so that it does not pollute the rivers and other water bodies. 4. Composting organic solid waste for use as manure.5. Planting trees in place of those removed for various purposes. 6. National parks and conservation forests should be established by the government. 7. garner of rain water.Some action points to protect or improve the environment (i) stipulate the waste after separating them into biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste material. (ii) Start a compost chain reactor or use a compost bin. This can be used to cycle waste food and other biodegradable materials. (iii) Avoid unnecessary or uneconomic packaging of products.(iv) Reuse carry bags.(v) Plant trees. They will help to absorb excess carbon dioxide. (vi) Observe World Environment Day on 5th June.(vii) never put any left over chemicals, used oils down the drain, toilet or dump them on the ground or in water or burn them in the garden. If you do so, it will cause pollution. (viii) Dont burn any waste, especially plastics, for the smoke may contain polluting gases. (ix) Use unleaded petrol and startle sources of energy, and keep the engine properly tuned and serviced and the tyres inflated to the right pressure, so that vehicle runs efficiently. (x) Avoid fast starts and sudden braking of automobiles.(xi) Walk or cycle where it is safe to do so walking is free cycling can help to keep you fit. (xii) Use public transport wherever you can, or form a car pool for frequent travel. (xiii) Send your waste oil, old batteries and used tyres to a garage for recycling or safe disposal all these can cause serious pollution.References1. http//environmentengineering.blogspot.com/2008/03/funda mentals-of-our-environment-and.html 2. http//environmentengineering.blogspot.com/2008/03/soil-erosion-and-its-prevention.html 3. http//environmentengineering.blogspot.com/2008/03/water-pollution-its-prevention-and.html 4. http//environmentengineering.blogspot.com/2008/03/fundamentals-of-prevention-and-control.html 5. http//environmentengineering.blogspot.com/2008/03/conservation-and-protection-of.html 6. http//environmentengineering.blogspot.com/2008/02/noise-barriers-are-to-mitigate-highway.html 7. http//knol.google.com/k/partha-das-sharma/fundamentals-of-our-environment/oml631csgjs7/18 8. http//www.eurofound.europa.eu/ewco/2006/07/NL0607029I.htm 9. http//environmentengineering.blogspot.com/2008/03/water-pollution-by-industries-and-its.html